Hadith of Gabriel Essay

Our religion gives us the enlightenment to do what’s best not only for ourselves but for the entire realm that we belong as well. It serves as our guide to the path of wonderful thoughts and bright actions which will come to light to the personality that we possess as of the moment. What will exist within our persona was the ultimate contribution of what our religion has thought us. In this regard, we could possibly utter that Islam has been one of the great contributions in this time and age. It depicts a very good sense of responsibility which could help to augment the system that we have within ourselves. â€Å"The teachings of the Qur’an emphasize the responsibility of the individual to society and of society to individual† (Bloomington, 2002, p. 262), as we have noted, Qur’an serves as our guide to the right path and ultimately provokes us to realize what are the best things that we could adapt in order to live in the light of Islamic thoughts and ways. It has been said that it entails a huge responsibility as we get a grip on its teachings basically for the reason that it is not self centered and it focuses on the proliferation of the entire realm. One can attain absolute satisfaction if his environment goes with it – meaning the society where you are currently into should goes hand in hand with the good thoughts that you believe in, and this was basically what Islam wanted to establish in its people. Take for instance the responsibility of paying zakat wherein people are oblige to pay regularly which in turn the poor will benefit such. Indeed, not all are convinced that they should pay such zakat and instead, they prefer to just give alms to the less fortunate wholeheartedly. In view of which, what the Qur’an has embarked to its people was the gesture that at any rate we should love our neighbors regardless of their status in life. This positive vibe should be taken into consideration because this is one of the great teachings of the Islamic religion. Similarly, what were epitomized in the Hadith of Gabriel were the strong foundations of the religion of Islam. It embarks the five pillars per se of Islam which was considered as its strong foundation. â€Å"Islam is to testify that there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah, to perform the prayers, to pay the zakat, to fast in Ramadan, and to make the pilgrimage to the House† (Tauris, 1996, based on translation found at www. salaam. co. uk). Submission of oneself to Allah was the ultimate ladder to Islamic beliefs. Believing in His ultimate powers was the key to having a strong faith in His teachings. He is the one who could deliver happiness to the entire realm as we follow His ways to the right arena of life. There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is the messenger. This strong adherence of faith delivers us to be enlightened with the good ideals of truly believing and opening our hearts to do good deeds in accordance to the wisdom of Allah. Furthermore, as we established our ways in lieu of the teachings of Allah, everything is expected to proliferate for the fact that it has been guided by the almighty Allah. Performing prayers was also one of the foundations of Islam. Praying not only limits us to chant or even praise Allah, but it derives us a huge sense of establishing our faith and continuously have in mind all the goodness that the religion of Islam embarked within us. The discipline of praying and getting focus was one of the great ways to build our personality that Allah believes to be essential in building the character of a person. Pay the zakat and give alms to the poor was one of the highlights of being a good person, and for that matter a renowned follower of Allah’s teachings. Loving our neighbor was on top of everything because this is the moment in our lives that we are bound to appreciate all the goodness that our fellowman can give us. In every little way that we could offer love was extremely a huge responsibility to the character that we have within and this only proves that we are absolutely enlightened by the will of Allah. In addition to this, this is also a good representation how we truly grasp His teachings as we put into actions all the wisdom that He has given us. Paying zakat alone gives a tremendous impact since as we all knew this will benefit our less fortunate fellowmen. Giving alms to the poor was another context of charitable acts which will spread the kind of responsibility and love that Allah wanted us to deliver. To fast in Ramadan as well as pilgrimage to Mecca was another context of what Allah thought us what responsibility was all about. In this regard, this is an immense conscientiousness for us because fasting was a sign of definitive adherence to faith and following ways of Islam. Indeed, doing what is good is the way to Allah’s teachings. His wonderful intentions of making His people become conscious of the good deeds were basically His best ideals. On our part, we just have to incessantly trust His ways and keep on loving our fellowmen since it is the focus of all Allah’s ways. We can truly contribute to the realm that we are into the best possible way with the guidance of Allah. The foundations of Islam were a good representation on how we could act the right way. The Hadith of Gabriel shed us light to be able to realize how firm the foundation of Islam was and truly it guides us to be a better person with strong adherence to our faith and has intense love for our fellowmen.

Netscape’s Initial Public Offering

Finance 414- Individual Case Questions: â€Å"Netscape’s Initial Public Offering† SS13 You are responsible for handing in written answers to the following questions drawn from the case â€Å"Netscape’s Initial Public Offering. † You can work with others on this assignment, but each individual must hand in their own set of answers. 1. The case indicates that a group of media firms made an investment in Netscape during April of 1995. Using figures from the case, what is the minimum value these investors must have assessed for Netscape’s assets when they made this investment?The minimum value these investors must have assessed for Netscape’s assets when they made this investment was $163,636,363. 60. ($18M/. 11) I used $18M because that would be 11% of their equity. 2. Using figures in the exhibits, estimate Microsoft’s market value of equity on June 30, 1995. Microsoft’s market value of equity on June 30, 1995 was $56,730,960. (39 . 00*2. 32*627,000 shares) 3. Why would Netscape prefer an IPO to the alternative of attempting to borrow new funds from a bank?Netscape would prefer an IPO to the alternative of attempting to borrow new funds from a bank because they wished to fund expected future growth, stockpile cash, and gain visibility. Discussion question: You do not need to answer the following question, but you should think about it in advance since we will be discussing it in class. Is $28 the correct price for Netscape stock? What assumptions about growth rates in earnings might justify this stock price?

Personal Ethics Statement Essay

As nurses we often find ourselves trapped in the center of ethical dilemmas between physicians, patients, family members, co-workers, and employers. In ethical dilemma our ethical values and ethical behavior guide us to provide the best care to our patients. In this paper I will define ethics value, my ethical values, and how did I developed them. Also, I will discuss how my ethical values have significant positive impact on my life, and ethical behavior that I want to develop in future. According to, Guido ethics involves the principles or assumptions reinforcement the approach individuals or groups ought to conduct themselves; ethics is concerned with motives and attitudes and the relationship of these attitudes to the individual (2010). My belief is ethical person as one with sound character traits and habits of thoughtful reflection who seeks justice and fundamental fairness in the community. Those who demonstrate strong leadership in their roles and give everyone in the community, especially those without power, a chance to succeed exemplify ethical behavior. These ethical values person develops from surrounding environment, people, and from life experience. Personal Ethical Values I chose two ethical values from relationship and reputation lenses. Those values serve as the foundation for my life and these values includes; honesty, and respect for others and self. The honesty value I developed from my parents during the childhood age. I remember my father was used to ask us how I am doing in school, and he always wanted to listen the truth from my face, even the school grads are not great, because he wanted me to be honest in all the circumstances. This ethical value helps to make good decision in  different circumstances. Respect others ethical value I developed during school age from my teacher. My teacher was always used to give example how I can develop good relationship and good reputation by respecting others. These ethical values provide guidelines, framework, and tools to identifying, pursuing and achieving goals (Judson & Harrison, 2010). In addition these values help me to maintain interpersonal relationship with my patients and co-workers, decision making, problem solving, and in conflicts resolution in personal and professional life. For example, patient has a right to get quality care and my responsibility is to provide care honestly that I promised before take that patient to the operating room. As an operating room nurse I always try to maintain safe surgery environment to prevent infection when patient is under surgery. These efforts include I make sure; patient understand the risks of the surgery, provide sterile instruments or implants, make sure no one in operating room is breaking the sterile field. This ethical value gives me self-satisfaction, self respect because my efforts were able to make change in someone’s life. My second ethical value is respect others, during my nursing practice I always try to provide the nursing care with dignity and respect for all type of patients; includes handicap, bed ridden, and older, young, conscious, and unconscious patients. This ethical value helps me to maintain good relationship, team player with my patient or patient family, and my co-workers that give me self satisfaction. Ethical Aspirations The ethical value I wants to develop in future is patient advocacy, because I live in multicultural society, where is a need to understand different cultures and values, so I can provide cultural competent care to my patients. Conclusion In conclusion, my ethical values and behavior help me in personal and professional life, and these values have positive impact on my life. I am exciting to learn about different new culture and their believe for further improvement in my nursing carrier. References Guido, G. W. (2010). Legal & ethical issues in nursing (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Judson, K., & Harrison, C. (2010). Law & ethics for medical careers (5th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Legal Underpinnings of Business Law Research Paper - 1

Legal Underpinnings of Business Law - Research Paper Example The table below offers the liability of the others in different types of business entities for a breach of contract. However, if the terms of the agreement in the formation limit liability for an individual in case of a breach in contract, then it may mean all the parties will be held responsible regardless of the party who entered into a contract As a sole proprietor of Tinker’s Home Security Service, to avoid liability I will analyze the contract agreement closely and determine if in my breaching the contract, there was actual damages. If there is an actual breach that results in loss, then to limit my liability, I would seek for a mediator or any other alternative resolution method. This will avoid the cost of damages I would incur if I were found liable by a court of law. For Tinker & Tailor’s Home Security Service (general partnership), I would limit my liability by critically examining my position I played in contract negotiation. Since general partnership agreement binds all the parties regardless of the person who entered the business contract, it means my liability will be reduced since the whole enterprise will be held liable for my actions. I play innocence that I exercised all the prerogatives with pure intentions in mind. I would love to form a corporation since this is the best form a business (Cohen, 2005). The organizational form of the business will be that involving managers, employees and shareholders. As a shareholder, I will be in a position to reduce my liability since my role will be that of board meeting to deliberate of performance of the company. Similarly, I will not be responsible for losses incurred by the company, but only the managers will bear responsibility. For Tinker & Tailor’s Home Security Service (LP), I would reduce my liability by ensuring that always no general partner sign business contracts on behalf of the

Thomas Nat's Cartoon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Thomas Nat's Cartoon - Essay Example He discovered the Uncle Sam character we now associate with the Federal government, and he even formulated what we know as the modern Santa Clause. Boss "Tweed" was a corrupt New York official on whom Tweed had set his sights. The results were most unflattering and might have been the draw that broke that eventually broke up the ring. Nast implemented certain advertising techniques use to discredit Boss Tweed. He represented him in dehumanizing icons along with poignant slogans. True, much of politics may be corrupt, but Nast publishing it in such stark manner is akin to "Reason Why" advertising. He created a need for people to act against political corruption in New York at the time. Nevertheless, some cartoons seem more effective than others. Some of the more effective are the one where everyone is pointing the finger, the one with the vulture caricatures, and the one with the city jail others are just hard to understand like the one money bag head and the one with the tiger. We have explored the role of advertising and the emergence of the political cartooning in America. Thomas Nast is the one credited with starting political satirist in the US. During the period immediately following the Civil War marked the beginning of a magazine boom, he unified these trends.

Managment Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managment - Research Proposal Example 15-31, 1974). First, the workers’ physiological and security needs like food and shelter, should stand satisfied by their job. Then their social needs should be satisfied, as well as their self-esteem needs. Only then will they be ready to work towards fulfilling their need to actualize their dreams and ambitions, and strive for work-related advancements. In other words, Maslow presents us with an extremely accurate perspective on motivation and the barriers to its processes. If workers do not receive enough compensation from their job to be able to afford food and shelter, they will find no motivation to perform well at the job and gain advancement (Bateman et al, pp. 515-542, 2008). In other words, if their basic needs are not satisfied, this will act as a barrier from these workers feeling motivated to perform well. While this barrier seems to simplify the nature of human beings greatly, it is a very accurate model of motivation. While human beings are complicated individuals, their basic needs overpower their ability to act the way that is beneficial or desirable. Thus, it should be a priority for the organizational manager, that the workers’ basic needs have been satisfied, so that the manager may then motivate these workers to work harder and perform better. This has a simple implication for the managers also, which is to ensure that the workers are compensated with an adequate wage, before seeking to motivate them (â€Å"Nwlnk†, pp.1 , 2010). This need-based model of motivation has also received considerable support form Herzberg’s ERG (Existence, Relatedness, and Growth) theory and McClelland’s need-based theory. Both of these are derivatives of the need hierarchy, and promote the understanding that unsatisfied basic human needs can be a significant barrier when trying to motivate a worker. The Expectancy Theory about motivation is another very well known model of motivation, which provides us with another barrier, which can stand

British museum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

British museum - Essay Example This museum has the greatest collections of human cultural history and its main objectives include becoming a museum of the world for the world, providing services to the curious and the studious and collecting culture for the benefit of the entire world (Williams, 2013). To this end, this essay focuses on the issues that affect the British Museum operations. Particularly, the essay focuses on the cultural issues affecting the British Museum operations and the cultural impacts of the museum to the British culture. Cultural Issues affecting the British Museum British Museum, like other museums, faces numerous cultural challenges that affect its day-to-day operations. To begin with, Jenkins (2008) points out that the issue of handling human bodies in the museums is a cultural affair that is largely affecting the operations of the British Museum. Many museums have collections of human remains that aid in scientific research. However, the presence and the handling of these remains in the museums raise numerous cultural questions. According to Musiol (2013), displaying or exhibiting human remains in modern day museums leads to the emergence of new challenges relating to the ethics and morality of the museum professionals and stakeholders. In the UK, the Human Tissue Act 2004 regulates the display of human remains that are less than 100 years old in the British museums. Nonetheless, this regulation has minimal impacts on museum collections in the UK as it provides some museums with the freedom to exhibit human remains that are less than 1000 years old (Jenkins, 2008). The UK DCMS has a publication â€Å"Guidance for the Care of Human Remains in Museums† that provides museums with guidelines on how to handle human remains. In line with these guidelines, museums in the UK cannot display human remains if these remains have no significant contribution to a particular interpretation. All these restrictions are affecting the display of human remains in the British M useum. To counter these negative effects, the British Museum has created its own policies regarding the display of human remains. In its policies, the British Museum is protesting against the regulations of displaying human remains in the museums claiming that it was among the nine museums given the freedom to display human remains that are less than 1000 years old (Jenkins, 2008). The other cultural issues affecting the operations of the British Museum result from controversies. Selim (2011) is of the opinion that a collection of historical artifacts that hold great cultural significance cannot exist without controversy. There have been several controversies with negative impacts on the operations of the British Museum. One of these controversies revolves around the Parthenon sculptures from the ancient Greek. The Parthenon sculptures are decorative art works that were found in the Parthenon; they represent the cultural artwork of the ancient Greek. The members of the public have t he misconception that all the sculptures from the Parthenon are in the British Museum. This misconception affects the operations of the British Museum negatively as numerous individuals visit the museum with the intention of viewing these sculptures only to be disappointed by the fact that half of these sculptures are lost and the remaining ones are found in museums of six different

MidTerm Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MidTerm - Term Paper Example The language of the text appears to reflect typical speech patterns of a relatively wealthy and educated woman of that time, as is evident in the opening lines, written in the first person, which refer to antiquated concepts such as â€Å"ancestral halls† which have â€Å"something queer† about them (Gilman 1). The descriptive adjectives that the narrator uses to describe the setting are sensuous and exuberant, such as for example the â€Å"delicious† garden (Gilman 1) and the yellow wallpaper which has â€Å"one of those sprawling flamboyant patterns committing every artistic sin† (Gilman 2). This sharp power of observation contrasts with the narrator’s vague and hesitant mention of things to do with her husband’s medical work, such as for example the phrase â€Å"So I take phosphates or phosphites – whichever it is†. The narrator describes without irony how her husband calls her â€Å"a blessed little goose,† and the co mbination of her diffidence and his patronizing tone reveals that there is a clear hierarchy within the marriage. John dominates his wife, and she accepts infantilizing epithets as if it they are entirely natural and normal. At times the narrator uses strongly moral or even biblical language, as for example when she describes the wall-paper’s patchy appearance which shows it has been picked off despite the fact that it â€Å"sticketh closer than a brother† (Gilman 3). As the story progresses, the wallpaper assumes an increasingly powerful control over the narrator, and this is revealed in the compulsion that she feels to â€Å"follow that pointless pattern† (Gilman 4) which is endlessly repeated on the wall. Strange female forms appear in the pattern, as if they are trapped behind bars, and the subject matter of the latter half of the story is taken over by musings on the meaning of the paper, and its shifting appearance as the light changes from day to night. T he implications of this point of view are that the story represents the fate of women in general, imprisoned in marital obligation, and not allowed to escape into the fresh air of the world outside patriarchal dominance. As the wallpaper takes over the story, the narrator’s own personality retreats, so that in the end the subject matter is mainly the nocturnal musings of a woman who is losing her sense of self. The narratorial point of view does not change, since the whole story is told through the eyes of the main character, but as the story progresses the subject matter becomes more bizarre. The narrator is becoming one of the imprisoned women in the pattern, and the story shows the step by step descent into this pitiful condition. Clearly the narrator is unaware of the seriousness of this mental decline, since she makes light of the change in her daily routine, and imagines that she sees the woman in the paper creeping about outside the house. This is not a rational propos ition, but it is presented as a factual observation by the narrator, and no doubt makes sense to her. The narrator persona shifts from being an apparently normal woman, who has a vivid imagination and likes writing stories, into an unreliable describer of events. The growing unreliability of the narrative voice makes the ending very difficult to interpret, because there appears to be an element of delusion or

Susan Griffin and her Our Secret Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Susan Griffin and her Our Secret - Essay Example Susan Griffin and her "Our Secret" In the process of writing Our Secret Susan Griffin mixes two different styles. Thus, she resorts to the use of academic and personal writing. All her personal writing is combined with the insertions of scientific information. In fact, the beginning of Our Secret puzzles the readers with unexpected data about the nucleus of the cell: â€Å"The nucleus of the cell derives its name from the Latin nux, meaning nut. Like the stone in a cherry, it is found in the center of the cell, and like this stone, keeps its precious kernel in a shell† (Griffin 335). This information in the beginning of the writing seems to have no sense at first sight; it seems to have no connection with secrets. However, it is not so. The author just uses this phrase to start her research. She does not refer to the writers who give only perfunctory information. Susan Griffin is eager to find out the root of all secrets in her story. That is why she needs to conduct a research and think over the things that ha ve never been considered by other authors. Sometimes it may seem that Susan Griffin uses scientific information in order to compare it to the fates of her characters. That is why she assembles fragments juxtaposes seemingly unrelated material in surprising and suggestive relationships. Each page of Our Secret is broken into italicized inter-sections. In fact, Susan griffin’s prose is applied in order to create a ‘field’ for the bodies set in it. This author seems to create the story under consideration in order to investigate the issues that have interested her. Thus, Griffin’s writing is something like the result of hard intellectual work. It is impossible to conduct a research without the use of certain research methods. What research methods were applied by Susan Griffin, then? Of course, it is observation, comparison and data analysis. In the process of writing the author watches the fates of several characters of Our Secret. They are the following ones: Heinrich, Leo and Laura. All these three characters are unhappy. After observation the author makes an attempt to find out the reason for their misfortune. That is why she looks for facts that may help her by means of science. Sometimes the readers may come across rather odd comparisons. For instance, Griffin tries to find connections between humans to rockets and nucleus cells. The analysis of the data received by Susan Griffin gives her an opportunity to draw certain conclusions; she gets the findings of her thorough research. It turns out that human fate is closely connected with the seed sowed into it. One’s feature is frequently defined by his/her childhood. It is necessary to stress that the characters introduced to the reader had unhappy childhood that influenced their life greatly. Leo and Heinrich’s upbringing are the brightest examples to support this argument. Thus, it is known that Heinrich was deprived of his own childhood too early. This boy became an adult when he was only ten. Then period of c hildish joy was substituted by responsibility and seriousness. He could not enjoy his youth and carelessness just like all other boys did. The only thing he should have done was to obey his father and snitch on all his classmates. This was a

Study Skills and Infomation Literacy for Students Essay Example for Free

Study Skills and Infomation Literacy for Students Essay Excellent study skills and information literacy are essential for the successful path of education in every student’s life. Nowadays, students face more challenges in their daily tasks and duty due to the accelerating progress of information, communication and technology. They have step their feet into the zone of competition among others to obtain outstanding achievements in each thing they perform. So, how are they going to ensure if they could acquire these meets and criteria to express themselves as great achievers? Therefore, it is crucial for them to adapt and practice these study skills and information literacy in their life. Study skills are the abilities and approaches applied to learning. They are generally critical to success in school, are considered essential for acquiring good grades, and are useful for learning throughout ones life. Besides, they are very basic techniques for learning relatively unsophisticated materials. Study skills can be developed to improve a learner’s capacity to learn. If we learn how to study effectively, how to find information that we need, how to read and understand what we read, how to memorize things, and how to plan ahead for tests, then we will not only make better grades, but will also learn more easily. Good study skills can help us learn good discipline skills which will help us in our life after school as well. Without good study skills, a student cannot succeed. To succeed, students must be able to appropriately assimilate course content, digest it, reflect on it, and be able to articulate that information is in written or in oral form. Many people feel the hours of study are the most important. However, students can study for hours and in the end retain very little. Besides, study skills are significant to promote a passion for what students wish to do. Passion is critical and leads to an intense interest, dedication, and commitment to achieve career, goals and objectives. They also feel comfortable and easy going when their time is managed properly. Essentially having well developed study skills will help them become more confident, effective, productive and intelligent in both of their personal and professional lives. These skills are the sole foundation of a good education. Good study skills will save their time and by that token they tend to have more time to spend with friends or doing other activities such as sports or service projects. Moreover, these will result in less stress because given any topic they will know how to approach learning the material. Likewise, information literacy too plays an important role in student’s success in learning. Information literacy is the ability to evaluate the credibility of information and to use information properly. We identify what information is needed, understand how the information is organized, identify the best sources of information for a given need, locate those sources, evaluate the sources critically, and share that information. It is the knowledge that commonly used in research techniques. Why information literacy is crucial? Information literacy is critically important because we are surrounded by a growing ocean of information in all formats. Not all information is created equal; some is authoritative, current, reliable, but some is biased, out of date, misleading and false. The amount of information available is going to keep increasing. The types of technology used to access, manipulate, and create information will consequently expand. ‘People are information literate who know when they need information, and are then able to identify, locate, evaluate, organize and effectively use the information to address and resolve personal, job-related or broad social issues and problems’, (adopted by the 2003 UNESCO meeting in Prague). Information literacy provides an opportunity for people to acquire knowledge and provides motivation to them to pursue learning throughout their lives. Therefore, it is a mean of personal empowerment. In addition, in order to perform their roles and responsibilities, individuals need various types of information inputs. â€Å"Information is, in fact, our most precious resource. In such a world, education should empower everyone, not the few. But for information to become knowledge, and ultimately, one hopes, wisdom, it must be organized. In this new climate, the public interest challenge, beyond access and equity is sorting and selection† (Boyer, 1997, p. 140). We are outfitting our schools, libraries, and homes with electronic technologies. But are we reparing students for the onslaught of information that is provided by these technologies. What happens when students get more information from the internet and than previously conveyed by their teachers or textbooks? What should a student do when faced with so many informational possibilities? This is where information literacy establishes it’s important thus, they need to understand and differentiate between types of information. They must define the need of the information and relating it to knowledge. These are all the implementation of information literacy which benefits students during their study time. Furthermore, they will not be panic once get an abundant supply of information, because they are already exposed to the method on how to manage such information. Hence, they will solve the specific problem regarding that matter with a suitable solution without any distractions and pressure. To articulate more on our study skills’ topic, one of the most important skill is the time management. Time should be well managed, before, during and also after completing a task. Usually, before starting my task, I will divide it into several parts. This is to ensure that I do not feel bored or stressed. For example, recently my English language teacher asked me to come up with a simple newsletter and the duration given to complete and submit this task is one week. So first, I selected the title. Then, I divided the newsletter into cover page, content, acknowledgement, introduction, essays, articles, ending, reflection and reference. I set my time to finish these things, such on the first day; I completed the cover page, acknowledgement and introduction. Next day, I took my initiative to find materials hence, finished the essays and the articles and so on for coming two days. After that, I did the last parts of the newsletter. By taking these steps to complete it, I did benefit a lot because when I set a specific time to do it, that means I will put my full effort to find the materials, do the draft and type it by the day itself. These ensure that, the duty set to be finished does not get postponed. Besides, I would not undergo stress and face difficulties during doing it, because I have already divided the tasks so, each has it’s own time set to be done. Therefore, after finish one, the next day I do proceed to another, means the work pressure and burden are not felt that much, because it is not an overnight’s work. Each second is precious, so we should not waste any of it, as the proverb says, ‘time is golden’. Time is the most valuable one because once it has passed then, we cannot bring it back, gone is gone that is it! Thence, each second and minute we should spend for good deeds as it could bring us splendid input! Other than managing my time for my studies, I too need to deal well with my time to be with my family, to socialize and to just be alone sometimes. In some case where I had a lot of stuffs to be done, and at the same time I we would plan for a family gathering party. So, this is the point where I need to list my priority; of which comes first and must be settled. Family is also important, but compare to my study stuffs, I have to give them first priority, because almost all the time I can spend time with my family, but my assignments; there is time restriction for it. Therefore I need to adhere to the deadline given. Foremost, I have to handle time wisely, where before I turn on the television or go for a play, I will finish my homework first. I have developed a schedule for my daily routines to make sure I have time for everything I want do get done. In fact, I choose specific time slots in a week to study the subjects, to validate that I do not blow them off. I would also fix some goals when managing my time. Instead, of ‘I will read this whole chapter this night’ I will set ‘I am going to read five at daytime and the rest five before bedtime’. This method will be a fine one and give my mind a break before I proceed to the next chapter. I always try to keep my schedule flexible. When unexpected events occur, I will adjust it according to the urge and revise it again. Then, I also add up and circle the total number of study hours I realistically plan to set aside daily. Sometimes, I do reward myself for using study time effectively. This way will ensure that, I really occupy the time for studying, because I know once I am done with that, I will sure get my reward! This is also proven by researches, where people work better if they get an immediate gift for their effort. So in my schedule permits, I do set up a reward system. For example, I will allow myself to telephone my friend, watch my favorite movie or munch on little snacks. To guarantee that this system functions well, I do strictly follow my schedule honestly without cheating. In addition, concentration in class is really very important to achieve well grades. Since, sometimes after I reach home I feel so tired and lazy to revise the book, so meanwhile the teacher is teaching, I always sit in front, seldom chit chat with my buddies, focus and pay attention to her. I do that because; I would remember the verbal and non verbal communication between us, the action and the questions that she asked me. Then I try to have a small flashback on what I learned on that day. I also be alert in the class, because anytime questions might arise and possibilities for myself to answer it may be high too. All these scenes will be fresh in my mind even till the last hours when I am going to sit for my exams. Is it weird? Of course not, because when I am answering my exam questions I will come to an end where I am out of idea and do not know what else to answer to solve the question. So the alternate way is reflecting back to my times in the classroom, the conversation between me and my sir, the question did rose, my answers, the diagrams on the whiteboard and also the solving method; I am very sure these matters did helped me to answer because, somehow when reflecting all those things, I will come to an idea or solution for the questions. That is why concentration in class is very much significant. From my experience, one of the major elements of study skills which contributed to my study’s success is the mind map. What is a mind map actually? It is the ‘whole- brain alternative to linear thinking and reaches out in all directions and catches thoughts from any angle’ by ( Michael Michalko, cracking creativity). Mind map is the ultimate organizational study tool. It is very effective for me, because by doing mind map, it is easy for me to put information into my brain which maps out my thoughts. It is very simple too. Mind map gives an overview of a huge subject to me, besides enable me to gather together large amounts of data in one place. Moreover, it boosts problem solving by allowing me to see new creative pathways. Fore most, it is enjoyable to be seen, read, muse over and remember. Mind map had helped me a lot in my studies to learn faster and more efficiently, see the whole picture of the problem and also to remember better. These are because, mind maps use colours, curved lines, symbol, words and images according to a set of simple, basic , natural and brain- friendly rules. Colour is the leading feature in a mind map. I would start it by putting in my favorite colours and make it to appear more interesting; as it also triggers my creative thinking processes. To add more, mind map includes each aspect of the left and right brains and is therefore a superb whole- brained thinking tool. This is because when I do mind maps, I do use words, logics, numbers, lists, images, dimensions, and colours too; mean it has occupied fully my brain and assists to come up with new ideas and problem solving methods. If we do look deeply, everything is someway connects to everything else. This is very true because when I am given a complication to be solved in studies, first I would take a minute to think about the main topic I need to investigate and that will be the center part of my mind map. For example, it allows me to focus on the topic that will be titled â€Å"daily living†. Next I start to add sub- branches and they will be connected to the title as leisure, diet, work, study, exercise and ideal hours. From each of the sub- branch, it will form new sub- branches. For instance, under diet, I would come up with ideas connected to it such as, vitamins, balanced meals and water; for the sub- branch of study there will form new branches namely, subjects, ways to study and needs to study. Beneath needs for study, I could write again well balanced meals and also vitamins. So these both diet and study branches; come to a point of sharing the same sub- branches. At here it is clearly shown that mind map helped me to demonstrate the connection between isolated pieces of information while letting me to group and regroup concepts and encouraging comparison between them. Therefore I am trying to prove that, mind maps really worked for me and made me easy to remember facts which were useful for me when I answered questions that needed my biological knowledge. From the interconnected facts, I could concentrate more on the topic that serves to get information about it and transferred from short- term memory to a long term memory.

Different Aspects Of Patient Care Nursing Essay

Different Aspects Of Patient Care Nursing Essay To help me reflect upon my practice from my first placement to my second placement, I will use Driscolls model of reflection (Driscolls model 2000). Driscolls model uses three stages to help analyse practice; what happened; providing a description of the event, what have you learned; giving an account of how you felt at the time and what you have learned after revisiting the experience and finally your proposed actions for the future and how you are going to implement what you have learned from reviewing the experience (John Driscoll, 2011). Throughout this assignment I will be discussing different aspects of patient care which have occurred during my time in my first and second placement. To maintain patient confidentiality within my assignment I had to gain consent from patients, making them fully aware of why I needed their consent and how their information would be used, following the NMC code of conduct You must respect peoples right to confidentiality (NMC, 2008). During my assignment I will not be using the patients real names due to confidentiality but, I will be addressing them using Patient A and Patient B. Firstly, I am going to reflect on practice using Driscolls reflective model. The first stage is to describe what happened during my experience. While on my second placement, myself and a nurse had to bed bath patient A in a side room. The patient was in the side room due to having Clostridium Difficile (C-Diff) which was found after sending a loose stool sample. I had already gained consent from patient A for myself and the nurse to give a bed bath in accordance with the NMC code of conduct (NMC, 2008) and following this I went to collect the correct equipment to perform the task. As patient A had Clostridium Difficile they needed to be isolation nursed. We isolate nurse to prevent the risk of spreading germs to other patients and staff (NHS, 2010). Outside of the side room there were red aprons and gloves which needed to be put on before entering. Before entering the side room, it is essential to collect all equipment to avoid leaving the room unnecessarily. You need to put on a pro tective apron and gloves to prevent the risk of contamination to clothes and hands (Dougherty and Lister, 2011). Once in the side room, I explained to patient A what would happen. I encouraged patient A to be as independent as possible; however, patient A could only do little due to reduced mobility. I made sure dignity was maintained at all times by exposing only the part of the body I was cleaning. As patient A was less mobile, patient A couldnt fully assist with rolling; however, with support from myself and the nurse, we could roll patient A enough to clean the back and buttocks. To enable this to happen; I put patient As arms across their chest and gently rolled patient A onto their side, I provided support to patient A while the nurse cleaned and put clean sheets on the bed. During the task I communicated with patient A to ensure they felt comfortable, and to keep patient A informed of what myself and the nurse where doing. Driscolls model now asks me to analyse my feelings and what I have learned. Throughout the experience I felt confident in what I was doing as I had gained previous experience on my first placement; however, when I was on my first placement at a surgical ward I was asked to bed bath a patient with the assistance of a Health care assistant, I felt very anxious as I had never been in direct patient contact before and this was the first time I had been in a care environment. Although I had learned about the requirements of personal qualities and how to promote dignity and autonomy which is needed to assist with personal care in lectures at University, I had never put them into practice until my first placement. During this event I have learned what isolation nursing is and why we need to implement it if a patient has contracted certain infections. At first, I did not feel comfortable with the concept of isolation nursing as I had never come across this type of infection prevention and control procedure before; however, the nurse explained to me the importance of putting on a red apron and gloves before entering the room, and explained to me that I need to dispose of my apron and gloves in an orange clinical waste bag for incineration and to wash my hands thoroughly with soap and water before leaving the room to remove and spores, and explained that I should not use my alcohol gel in this situation as it is ineffective at eliminating spores. Infection Prevention and control is a term used to protect people from infections. It is used in healthcare to prevent patients acquiring those infections associated with health care and to prevent the transmission of micro-organisms from one patient to another (Dougherty and Lister, 2011). In the future, if I were to isolate nurse a patient, I feel I would be more confident as I now understand the importance of infection prevention and control procedures such as wearing protective clothing to prevent spreading infections and the process of discarding contaminated waste. On evaluation of this experience, I feel that my communication skills on my second placement have improved greatly from my first placement, as I am now feeling more comfortable with communicating with different people to help establish a therapeutic relationship, as this is very important when delivering patient care. I believe I communicated effectively with the patient and a therapeutic relationship was recognised. I will now reflect upon Organisational Aspects of Care. During my first placement on a surgical ward, I had to take many observations including; Respiratory Rate, Oxygen Saturation, Temperature, Blood Pressure and Heart Rate. On the surgical ward, immediately after surgery the above observations needed to be taken every hour. During my second placement, which was on a medical ward, observations are taken every 4 or 8 hours depending on the needs of the patient; however, if the Doctor or Nurse deems the patient to be at risk, the observations are increased. When carrying out all observations, it is vital the patients Early Warning Score chart is available, as this is where all observations are recorded. This assessment tool is divided into sections relating to the types of observation you are taking. Within the sections is a colour code to indicate if the recording is of no, low, mild or high concern. All observations need to be recorded, as anything that is not written down did not happen. When recording in official documents all information needs to be eligible and correct and needs to have the date and time it commenced (NMC, 2008). The first time I had to assist with taking observations, I was very nervous as I had never taken them before and was unsure of how to approach the patient as I had not yet formed a therapeutic relationship with them. I found it difficult to take patients temperature as I was not sure how far into the ear canal I should put the tympanic probe; however, I asked my mentor for advise and she said that what I was doing was correct which gave me more confidence the next time. With regards to the patients Early Warning Score, I always record each result as soon as it has been measured to make sure I do not forget, or mistake it for something else. When recording any result, it is vital to check if the patient has any parameters set, most patients on my second placement had parameters set. Patients would have parameters set if the EWS parameters are not specific enough to the patient. Once all observations have been taken it is essential to note whether the patient has an early warning score or not. If the patient does have an early warning score, it is imperative to tell a staff nurse immediately as this could be a sign of something severe. Measures and documents vital signs and responds appropriately to findings outside the normal range (NMC, 2010) Another observation which I found difficult was respiration rate. I learned at University to be discreet when looking at a patients respiratory rate, as, if the patient knows what you are observing, they are more likely to alter their breathing rate, which gives you a false reading. On my second placement, I feel more confident with taking observations; however, I still struggle with respiration rate. I now know that I can observe the patients breathing while checking their pulse; however, if they start to talk or their chest does not make significant movement I find it takes me a while. When taking observations now, I feel much more confident with the layout of the Early Warning Score Chart and knowing when it is necessary to inform my mentor or staff nurse. Over a period of time, my skills will develop sufficiently, and I will gain more experience helping me to understand what is appropriate for the patient; nevertheless, I feel as a first year student nurse, my skill level when taking observations, recording them and my knowledge of an Early Warning Score assessment tool is what it should be. I will now discuss Nutritional and Fluid Management in accordance to Driscolls reflective model. While on my second placement, a medical ward, I had to care for patients who needed assistance with eating and drinking. During meal times, some patients required assistance with eating and drinking, such as; cutting up their food into reasonable sized pieces which they could independently manage. On one occasion I was asked if I could feed a patient, to which I agreed. I already had my apron on, so I approached patient B to ask if it was OK for me to assist them with their dietary needs, to which they answered it was, I then proceeded to wash my hands to prevent contamination of infections (NMC, 2008), (NICE, 2012). I brought patient Bs dinner straight from serving to ensure it was hot and manoeuvred patient Bs table to a comfortable position for myself to avoid over stretching, and prevent spillage of food, then sat patient B upright in their bed to prevent choking and, made sure they w ere comfortable and presentable before starting to feed to maintain patient dignity and autonomy (NMC, 2012) .Throughout the meal time, I was careful not to rush patient B with their eating, and I encouraged them to drink plenty. I acknowledged when patient B wanted a rest, and when they were full, trying to encourage patient B to eat as much as possible before indicating the need to stop. Patient B had a food and fluid chart as they were at risk of malnutrition. A food chart provides suitable evidence of a persons nutritional intake which acts as a valuable resource for all members of a multi-disciplinary team; dieticians and nurses to assess whether a dietary treatment plan is necessary for the particular patient (Freeman, 2002). It was my role, once patient B had finished their lunch to complete the charts accurately. All through the experience I was very nervous as I had never assisted someone with food and drink, and I had not yet developed a therapeutic relationship with patient B. On my previous placement, a surgical ward, most patients were independent with food and drink so did not require support, or monitoring on a food chart due to the majority of patients having healthy diets, therefore I did not have a great opportunity to learn what they are, or how to fill them in correctly. However, on my second placement I had witnessed a health care assistant filling in a food chart, so I used my initiative to ask what they were and how you fill them in, so I knew what to do if a situation arose where I needed to complete it. As I had never assisted anyone with feeding before, I felt inadequate and uncomfortable in case I put too much or too little onto the cutlery or fed the patient slower or faster than they would usually eat. On reflection of this experience, I feel I communicated well with patient B to ensure I was appropriate with my actions and that I met their nutritional and fluid needs. I believe I completed the food and fluid charts accurately, leaving me feeling confident if a similar situation occurred. If this situation arose again, I now feel confident I know how to approach it, after gaining experience on my second placement with helping patients with food and drink. I now consider myself to have acquired the correct knowledge and skills to not feel inadequate as I previously had, and I now know what to do when assisting with feeds and completing the required charts, giving me more self-assurance when I approach patients. I will now reflect upon the skills cluster; medicines management comparing my first placement and my second placement as a first year student nurse. Throughout my two placements subcutaneous injections were commonly used. The injection I will be talking about is Tinzaparin because it was used on both the surgical and medical ward. Tinzaparin is a low molecular weight heparin and is used for the treatment and prevention of blood clots (British National Formulary, 2011). During my first placement; a surgical ward, Tinzaparin was frequently used and I had previously observed my mentor administering the injection. After observing my mentor, she asked if I would like to administer the injection, to which I agreed. I had never given an injection; only to a model when learning the technique in University, so I felt very apprehensive. Before giving the injection I would gain consent from the patient, explaining what I would be doing and where on their body I would be administering the injection as there are various places subcutaneous injections can be given. I would ensure I would not be giving the injection into the same sight as the previous day as this can affect absorption rate (Dougherty and Lister, 2011). The patient gave me full consent to give the injection into their abdomen so I would continue to prepare. Prior to giving the subcutaneous injection, I checked it was the correct; drug, dose, patient, route, date and time and if it was signed by a doctor. If this was all correct, I would proceed to cleanse my hands to prevent contamination of medication. To administer the injection I would gently pinch the skin to lift the adipose tissue away from the muscle, removing the needle sheath and inserting the needle into the skin on a 45ÃÅ'Ã…   angle then releasing the skin. I would withdraw the needle quickly and apply pressure with a cotton wool ball (Dougherty and Lister, 2011). After giving the injection I would make sure all sharps were disposed of correctly and all documentation was completed and countersigned by my mentor. When on my second placement administration of subcutaneous injections was common on the evening medication rounds. I now feel less apprehensive about giving a subcutaneous injection as I have had practice and my professional skills have developed; however, I feel I need to increase my confidence, which will happen after I have given more injections. This is my first time in a health care environment; I had never observed anyone giving injections before my first placement. I found giving an injection daunting, especially if the patient was underweight; however, my mentor on my first placement said my technique was OK which calmed me down and gave me more self-esteem. I am definitely happier with the technique of administering a subcutaneous injection and I no longer feel as hesitant as I did on my first placement. On evaluation of medicines management, if I were to give a subcutaneous injection again I would feel less anxious as I now have practice and all relevant paper work completed to say I am competent. Even though the practice in placement has developed my skills greatly, I do not feel confident giving a subcutaneous injection to an underweight patient. I would communicate more with the patient, putting them at ease with my ability to administer the injection and I will continue to use the correct technique shown to me in University. After reflecting on my practice from placement one and two of my first year as a student nurse, I now know what I need to do to develop my skills throughout my second year as a student nurse. To show my development I will keep an up to date portfolio of my achievements to provide evidence of meeting the required competencies. To develop my skills as a second year nurse, I will continue to work closely with my practice mentors and academic mentors, seeking help and advice when needed to ensure I am professional and knowledgeable in my career. I will gain more experience as a second year, participating in different aspects of a nurses role to help further my development as a nurse. At all times I will work within my limitations as a student nurse and I will abide by University and work protocols to maintain a safe environment for myself, colleagues and patients. I aspire to nurse patients in a holistic manner, having a greater input into decisions about patient care, putting into practice all what I have learned by implementing the essential skills clusters. I will continue to treat all patients as individuals, maintaining their confidentiality and building therapeutic relationships to ensure I am promoting their health needs.

The Issue Of Cultural Relativism Human Rights Essay

The Issue Of Cultural Relativism Human Rights Essay When it comes to human rights, the issue of cultural relativism is widely discussed. Majority of the human rights literature encompasses the western and non-western argument on what best illustrates what human rights should be. As a result of these debates, comes the discussion of cultural relativism. Cultural relativism, at first glance, seems like quite a reasonable argument towards safeguarding different cultural groups. However when we begin to analyse the cultural relativism theory, we come to find that it is not quite as reasonable or even as practical as it seems to be. Cultural relativism seems to not only ignore human rights violations, but actually seems to approve them. Furthermore, it hardly disapproves any cultural or religious practices. Cultural relativism ignores the necessity to oppose violations and other human rights, and also ignores the freedom of choice to do so. This paper seeks to prove that there is no conceivable claim in supporting cultural relativism, and will discuss and analyse the issue of conflict between human rights and cultural relativism. This will provide some insight on how some scholars, anthropologist, philosophers, and political scientists have debated over this issue and how some of them have questioned the validity of cultural relativism in relation to human rights. I will discuss both cultural relativism and universal human rights and analyse the conflicts that have risen between them and their ensuing practices, as well as give examples to show the absurdity of the cultural relativist claim. I will conclude by p roviding evidence that shows that cultural relativists are indeed human rights violators, as well as show that their notion on cultural relativism proves to be highly contradictory and unreliable, now and in the future. The Human Rights Debate: Cultural Relativism versus Universalism 2.1 What is Cultural Relativism? The idea of Cultural relativism was developed by Franz Boas (1858-1942) in 1911. Robert Redfield described cultural relativism as values expressed in any culture are to be both understood and valued only according to the way people who carry that culture see things. Melville Herskovits gives an even more elaborate definition of cultural relativism as a philosophy which, in recognizing the values set up by every society to guide its own life, lays stress on the dignity inherent in every body of custom, and on the need of tolerance of conventions though they may differ from ones own. He continues by going on to say that each culture is said to constitute a total social world that reproduces itself through enculturation, the process by which values, emotional dispositions, and embodied behaviours are transmitted from one generation to the next. From the descriptions above, we can therefore say that cultural relativism is the principle by which a human beings beliefs should be perceived in accordance with his or her own culture. This concept of cultural relativism came about during discussions about the origin of human rights. There are quite a few ideas and claims that have led to the concept of cultural relativism, one of them being Kants argument that human beings are incapable of gaining unmediated knowledge of the world, and that the human mind interferes with all our experiences of the world, thus structuring our perceptions universally. However Herder disagreed with Kants argument saying that human experiences were mediated by cultural structures as well. As a result of this debate between Kant and Herder, came the belief of ethnocentrism. The Universal Human Rights Doctrine The Universal Declaration of Human Rights set the pattern for the contemporary conception of human rights.It was established as a result of the World War II atrocities as a means of protecting citizens and residents of various states. The conflict between the universal human rights doctrine and cultural relativism came about during the establishment of the Universal human rights doctrine in 1948. The conflict arose due to the theory that there was some kind of dominance over some cultures, and that the universal human rights doctrine come from European or Western philosophy. This doctrine was the Universalist approach to human rights that placed value on individuals. On the contrary, some theorists believe that the enactment of these human rights is not the only way that human rights exist. There is the theory that people are born with natural, God-given rights and that God is the absolute law-maker who bestowed upon us some basic human rights. For this reason itself, cultural relativism critics therefore argue that there should be no exception to the universal claim to human rights as some of these rights are already natural and God-given. 2.3 Cultural Relativism versus Universalism Now that we have defined cultural relativism and the universal declaration of human rights, one question comes to mind based on the two theories. Can universal human rights exist in a multicultural world? In other words, can the concept of cultural relativism really coexist with the notion of universal human rights? Naturally, cultural relativists argue that there are indeed moral justifications underlying the claim that various practices and beliefs differ from society to society and should be accepted as being relative to other cultural beliefs. For example, women in some cultures that undergo female genital mutilation are regarded as clean and pure. One culture may believe that there is indeed some moral justification towards this practice, as women who dont go through the cut are considered unclean and are seen as outcasts in their societies. On the other hand, a different cultural group may practice eating of dead bodies as a ritual. Cultural relativists would therefore claim that one cannot justly say which culture is right or wrong as this proves to be relative within different cultures. It is therefore possible to say that, from the cultural relativist point of view, there is no particular truth in what is right or wrong but rather the truth depends on what a particular culture believes is right or wrong. This observation in turn then brings me to my next point. If the views of the truth on what is right or wrong is relative, then the issue of morality definitely plays a huge role in this debate. Our moral beliefs indicate the kind of environment or culture we grew up in. Therefore, if we were born in Somalia, we would believe that it is morally right to go through female circumcision as a rite of passage. However, if we grew up in the western world, then we would not believe in female circumcision. We can therefore see the relativists argument of cultural relativism in this case, because if cultural relativism exists, then naturally, morality will also be relative. Additionally, to support his stance, the relativist will also argue that tolerance comes into play when it comes to cultural relativism. Contemporary society is often referred to as a multicultural world, with people from various cultures increasingly becoming accustomed to interacting with people from other cultures. As a result of this, the ability to learn to respect and tolerate different cultural practices and beliefs has developed. In todays society, people have shown an increased reluctance to criticise other cultures for various reasons. One of these reasons could be the fear of history repeating itself. An example of this is the European invasion of different parts of the world, including Africa, Asia and America, in the name of spreading Christianity and education. The aftermath of this resulted in slavery, apartheid and many other violations. The reluctance to criticise other cultures in this case arises from the fear of making the same violations as in the past. Another reason why there is the reluctance to criticise other cultures is that people feel the need to be tolerant of other cultures. Truth be tol d, tolerance is indeed essential for the sake of living in this multicultural world of ours peacefully. However, one should not feel obligated to tolerate particular cultural beliefs, especially if it involves some form of human rights violation. However, relativists can argue that tolerating these different cultural practises has led to the acceptance of some of these various practices especially in the western world, for example, the Muslim veil. The contradiction here comes about when these same Muslim women are undergoing various human rights violations as a result of their cultural beliefs, for example, female genital mutilation. In this particular case, is it possible for relativists to defend human rights as well as justify cultural relativism? This surely indicates some contradiction in the cultural relativism theory, for one cannot support cultural relativism and defend human rights at the same time. It is true that people from different cultures have different ideas of what is right and what is wrong. Warburton describes moral relativism as values held by a particular society at a particular time.However, moral relativism, just like cultural relativism can also be perceived in different ways by different cultures. In other words, relativists see that moral values are valid only within some cultural boundaries. Some examples illustrated by anthropologists as morally acceptable in some cultures and condemned by others are polygamy, genocide and sexism. Consequently, the moral difference in these cultures brings about the issue of ethics. Ethical relativism also promotes the belief that morality is, and cannot be universal. Moral relativism is therefore justified by relativist through various examples. For instance, practices regarding clothing and decency. This can be justified by one culture in that it is their moral obligation and duty to have women dress in a decent manner so a s not to compromise their ethics. Some cultures would therefore agree with these practises under the moral principle that it is the duty of society to protect the women of their society. With that beings said, I do not believe that there is any logical connection between cultural relativism and tolerance as is illustrated in the relativism point of view. Furthermore, I disagree with moral relativism because despite some moral beliefs being culturally relative, there are other beliefs that are not relative. Practices such sexism and dressing depend on the local customs and traditions. However, violations such as torture, slavery and genocides, should definitely have universal moral standards. Therefore not all practices should be deemed as being relative just because some practises are deemed as being so. The Asian Values Argument Today, there has been a tremendous improvement over the years towards the universal system of human rights. There is now the increased need for accountability and responsibility for individuals and society. However, this is not the case in Asian societies. The Asian society claims to come from a culture with an exceptional set of values. This was done while they criticised western ideas and culture. According to Asian values, human rights are culturally specific, communities take precedence over individuals, social and economic rights take precedence over political and civil rights, and rights are a matter of national sovereignty.This concept has therefore been celebrated by relativists, and used as an example to support the relativist theory of cultural relativism. The issue of Asian values was brought about during discussions by East and South Eastern government leaders. The Journal of Democracy explains that the basis of Asian values is said to contribute to high growth rates to certain cultural traits. These characteristics include hard work, frugality, discipline and team work. Western democracy hinders rapid development.With that being said, it was easier for relativists to justify their rejection towards universalism because there was an increase in economic growth in the Asian region that accompanied this debate. In the 1970s, some countries in the Sub Saharan region had tried to oppose these liberal views of the Western world. This proved to be unsuccessful as they did not harbour the same economic results as their Asian counterparts. In addition to this, as a result of the tremendous economic growth in the Asian region, the Asian values debate received the attention and even admiration of the international community. Asian authoritaria ns argue from a position of economic and social success. This has therefore presented a challenge towards the universal theory of human rights because developmentalists have used the concept of Asian values to justify cultural relativism, and have even presented evidence that has shown tremendous success in some Asian states. In spite of this, the Asian values argument has still proven to promote various human rights violations. An example of these human rights violations is the situation of the Harijans, or the people outside the Indian caste system, who had the lowest social status? The Harijans, are also referred to as the untouchables of the Caste System. In more economically advanced Asian states, the use of soft authoritarianism is said to be sufficient. Additionally another way in which cultural relativism in conjunction with the Asian values argument poses a threat toward universalism is the issue of technology. As we embrace the growth of information technology, we see that this improves globalisation as communication and other forms of interaction are enhanced. However, in states such as Malaysia and Singapore, there has been an establishment of authoritarian interferences by the government, where services such as the internet are being monitored or even blocked. This poses a potential risk and hindrance towards globalisation. In spite of the Asian values seemingly strong argument, the Asian regions success seems to have been short-lived as the decline in economic growth has somewhat changed the way in which the international community views their Asian values argument. With that said, if we really take all this into consideration, it is possible to see that it is ridiculous to create standards of morality based on these societies as every society perceives morality according to their own interests and interpretations. It is also quite impossible to permit these major differences in the interpretation of human rights standards, if they are to protect individuals. The Asian Values argument is therefore highly irrelevant, as we can see, because the Asian society places its citizens lives at risk as it violates various human rights in the name of Asian values and attempting to justify their actions as being culturally relative. Criticism of Cultural Relativism We live in a world where cultural relativism is constantly questioned and debated. As earlier stated, relativism came about as a result of arguments on ethical issues. In support of cultural relativism, Benedictexplains that cultures are coexisting and equally valid patterns of life, which mankind has created for itself from the raw materials of existence.According to Benedict, all cultures are equally valid as they embrace different views on morality and ethics. However, Kluckhohndisagreed with Benedicts doctrine on cultural relativism saying that this excluded any kind of moral criticism, his argument being that if one accepted Benedicts theory, then they could not, complain about any kind of evil against humanity including slavery, communism, terrorism and many other forms of evil.The perception of cultural relativism is that peoples rights depend on their nationality, culture, and religion. Therefore according to relativist, the rights of people in Nigeria are different from thos e in China or anywhere in the world. Namazie gives the following examples to demonstrate the absurdity of these cultural relativist claims; [1] An 18-year-old woman was burnt to death by her father after having refused to marry the man he had chosen, in Germany. The courts gave her father a reduced sentence, saying he was practicing his culture and religion. [2] In Iran, women and girls are forcibly veiled under the threat of imprisonment and lashes, and cultural relativists say that it is their religion and must be respected. [3] In Holland, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs states that Irans prisons are satisfactory for third world standards, allowing the forcible return of asylum seekers. With each of these examples, among all other forms of evil against humanity, we can clearly see that cultural relativism promotes these crimes. Namazie goes on to argue that the basis of the cultural relativist debate opposes the imposition of western views onto non-westerners. How, then, is it that when it comes to using the telephone, or the car, the mullah does not say it is western and incompatible with Muslim society?It is therefore safe to say that these countries are using the claim to cultural relativism as an excuse to get away with various human rights violations. Relativists using the imposition of western culture as an excuse does not hold water as these same countries still use western ideas in different aspects of their lives. Furthermore, these countries are, in fact, quite westernised societies. The fact that these are former colonies of the British and French empires, who now speak western languages, is proof of their westernisation. In addition to this, Namazie goes on to say that in respect to cultural relativists, there should be a clear distinction between human beings and human beliefs and cultures. She adds that human beings are the element of importance in the universalism-relativism argument and not their beliefs. She adds that human beings are sacred and worthy of the highest respect and it is human beings that are meant to be equal and not their beliefs.The reason as to why cultural relativism is deemed as racist and discriminatory is because, while the universal human rights doctrine aims to protect human beings as being the most sacred creature, relativists are seen as merely choosing to forgo the human being and are only worried about protecting their culture, which in most cases harms the human beings in their societies. Cultural relativism also promotes minoritism, as different cultures embrace the classification of people in their societies. For example, the Caste system of Hinduism which rejects equal treatment of different caste members in Hindu society. As stated earlier, these individuals are denied various rights such as education, healthcare and jobs. Cultural relativism, in turn, denies the victims of these situations any access to universal standards. Furthermore, since cultural relativism supports groups of cultures, it logical to say that individual rights in these cultures are disregarded. This means that individuals have no say in anything as society speaks for them and decides what is right or wrong for the individual. Moreover, Universalists believe that cultural relativism has caused more harm than good towards cultures. An example of this is the war in between Israel and Palestine. The Israeli culture claims that they are fighting to get their holy land, Jerusalem, back. However, th is war has killed thousands of Muslims in the name of doing what is culturally right in accordance with the relativist theory. In the past, anthropologists were not afraid to show their discontentment about various unjust practises such as Apartheid against South Africans and the acts of genocide performed by the Nazi. Today, however, they have not spoken against similar practises that endanger human life such as female circumcision and even genocide in Rwanda and Sudan. How, then is it possible for one to rely on a theory that contradicts itself in this manner? If we therefore reflect on these relativist theories, cultural relativism just seems very unrealistic and impractical. Conclusion All in all, although we learn about the virtue of tolerance from the cultural relativism theory, it is safe to say that the reason why we believe it is so important to be tolerant of other cultures is because we are also want to experience our own freedom, thus we do not want other cultures to criticize our own. Nobody wants to have their freedom restricted, and therefore if we want to enjoy the freedom to enjoy our beliefs we would not dare to limit the freedom of the beliefs of cultures we do not agree with. Furthermore, we can clearly see how overall, the cultural relativism theory seems to make sense. However, under careful scrutiny, it does not make for sound argument. It is obvious to see, just as Rachels argues, that the mere fact that there is no real truth when it comes to morality due to the difference in cultural beliefs, proves to show that the cultural relativism argument attempts to extract the definition of morality from the simple basis that people do not agree with it in the first place. While different countries have the right to demand their rights in various ways, there are fundamental doctrines that should be made universal. Dress, Language, food and other minor beliefs and traditions can vary, and cultures should be allowed the freedom to practice them. However practices such as slavery, sexism, female genital mutilation, and infanticide, among other human rights violations must be held up to universal standards. Cultural relativism is therefore not an answer to human rights concerns, nor will it be in the future.

Essay --

Tension between differing religions Christianity and Islam arose in the Jewish household of faith. The three religions are considered to be â€Å"Abrahamic Religions† a monotheistic faith tracing a common origin to Abraham. The three religions are undoubtedly tied to one another, through history they have been intertwined because all the religions have common figures in their holy scriptures. The three religions also emphasize the fact that there is only one G-d and all believe that G-d and humans have the ability to communicate with one another. These monotheistic religions have a lot in common, in many different aspects of their practices. However, there is great tension between the religions and some subtle differences that cannot go un-noticed. Jesus Christ could be an example. The Christian faith calls the Lord by the name of Jesus Christ. Christ, literally translates to ‘the messiah’ or 'the anointed one'. It is believed Jesus was born in Bethlehem in the year 5, to the virgin Mary and his father if the Lord himself. His adoptive father and Mary's husband was named Joseph. Jesus practiced Judaism and was said to have been a rabbi as well as a miracle worker. He could cure the sick, turn water into wine, reviving the dead and even executions. Jesus is believed to have said, â€Å"I desire mercy, not sacrifice. For I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance† (Matthew). Members of the Christian faith believe Jesus was crucified, and died for mankind's sins and ultimately a way to heaven and eternal life. (Only if you accept him as the Lord) Christ was said to have raised from the dead three days after his crucifixion, and ascending on to heaven. â€Å"For to this end Christ died and rose and lived again, that He mig ht b... ...ing and living only for the Lord, always working towards getting into Heaven. The Jewish people live for G-d's partnership with humanity, the concern people should have for one another and the unity of G-d. If you keep an open mind, and read all three of the holy scriptures, it is easy to see how we are intertwined and connected. The same G-d from the first word written in the Torah, is praised by the Christian people. But the tension and ignorance of the religions can cause barriers and often times is the root of hatred and war. Of course, the world is not yet united as one, and we do not see eye to eye. Peace cannot be globally achieved until this happens, and until every close minded person can wake up and realize we are either ruled by the same G-d or accept we are all ruled by a different G-d. But before acceptance, knowledge and contentment must be gained.

Active Directory User Groups Implementation :: Active Directory (AD) Implementation

Active Directory User Groups Implementation Synopsis of Proposal Subsequent to the Active Directory (AD) implementation discussion, this proposal addresses possible user accounts and group organizations for Riordan Manufacturing. This document discusses user and group accounts available through AD, and addresses possible implementation plans for the parent domain of riordanmanufacturing.com. These plans could also be implemented in the child domains for the four Riordan facilities, though addressing the actual implementations for those sites falls beyond the scope of this document. Users and Groups AD recognizes several types of accounts. User accounts refer to individual system users. Groups refer to user groupings based on function, need, department, or any number of criteria set by the company and/or the system administrator. User accounts fall into two categories: domain user accounts and local user accounts. Local user accounts define users to local computers with resource access restricted to resources associated with that local computer. Local user accounts cannot access any other resources within the domain. Domain user accounts contain information that defines users to the domain, AD stores this information, and the information is replicated to the domain controller. User groups further set and assign permissions for security and access to domain resources. Local groups represent a collection of local users on a single server or computer, with permissions assigned only to resources associated with that single server or computer. Domain local groups represent a collection of domain user accounts or groups specific to the local domain, with permissions to access resources specific to the local domain. Global groups also contain user accounts or groups from the local domain, but these groups’ permission can define access to all domains within the AD tree. Universal groups can contain users from any domain in the AD tree, with permissions set accordingly. Group Configuration and Nesting Presuming Riordan follows the multiple domain design previously discussed, a good strategy for Riordan would be to incorporate domain local groups, global groups, and universal groups. Universal groups would be reserved for widely-used groups that are fairly static in nature. In order to provide the most flexible user and group configurations, allowing for network growth and reducing the number of permission assignments, the following provides a guideline for groups and group nesting: Â § Global groups – organized based on administrative needs

Does Modern Technology Help Students Essay

Sample Essay 2 Question: Does modern technology help students learn more information and learn it more quickly? Answer: Marvelous as it looks at first sight, modern technology does not help students learn information at greater speed and with higher efficiency in most cases. On the contrary, it works towards the opposite direction which led students to lose their initiative to learn and explore. First of all, one property of modern technology is latently harmful to any learning mind – it distracts. One thing we feel about when we are searching for information online is that the internet, as an outstanding example of modern technology, provides us with not only relevant results to make use of, but also external links to click. More than once I turned on my computer to check school library for resources, but ended up watching Youtube videos. In this case, computer as a representative of modern technology plays a negative role in learning information. We do acquire more information with the convenient tool, yet most of them are irrelevant and in the end procrastinating would lower our learning. Also, students would easily become disoriented in the huge sea of information. Although modern technology could equip us with easy access to information, the huge amount of resources would actually leave us confused. Therefore, it is only we obtain information more quickly rather than we learn it more quickly. A telling example is my experience with a digital library which stores almost all the books I need. At first I enjoyed downloading them from the database, however, one month later I ended up with hundreds of books stored in my laptop yet none of them finished or ever clicked. Furthermore, modern technology gives students an illusion that information and real knowledge is easy to learn – just by clicking mouse or watching videos. But in fact this is only the first step towards useful information and effective learning, as learning of any kind requires full concentration and interactive thinking, which are almost absent in the process of popular e-learning experience. To summarize, modern technology does not help students learn more information and learn it more quickly, though it does make access to information and resources much more easily. The popular e-learning still lacks the concentration, depth, and interaction that are the hallmark of traditional ways of education and learning.

James Baldwin: On What it’s Really Like Essay

In James Baldwin’s â€Å"A Stranger in the Village† and â€Å"Sonny’s Blues,† our eyes are opened to the struggles of African Americans in the 1950’s. Baldwin writes about the struggles with identity, social acceptance, and racial discrimination. It is apparent that Baldwin has a very strong opinion behind the reasoning for these three struggles and he elaborates on each throughout these two stories. Through bringing these themes to life, he helps us to have a closer glimpse of what it was like to be like him. First and foremost, Baldwin’s writings deal with the overwhelming sense of identity, or the search for identity. In â€Å"A Stranger in the Village,† he states, â€Å"At the root of the American Negro problem is the necessity of the American white man to find a way of living with the Negro in order to be able to live with himself. † (pg. 1712) In this statement, Baldwin is commenting on the search for identity through the idea of what white people need to live with themselves. The black Americans can only find identity once the white man figures out how to live with them having one. He goes on to say, â€Å"†¦the white man’s motive was the protection of his identity; the black man was motivated by the need to establish an identity. † (pg. 1712) Because black Americans have had to endure so much struggle and decades of anonymity through the time fo slavery, at this point, they are starting from the ground up to find out who they are as a people and as a community. Even further, they must find out who they are as a people and as a community, and how that fits into the white society surrounding them. In â€Å"Sonny’s Blues,† we read about more of a personal identity struggle, rather than a racial identity struggle as a pair of brother try to find out who they are and what the mean to each other. Sonny is a heroin addict who only feels complete when he is surrounded by music. His older brother, the narrator, a teacher, does not understand this, and constantly tries to get Sonny to figure out what it is he wants out of life. This is a common struggle between family members who live very opposite lives. As we watch the narrator struggle to help Sonny find his identity, he never really reveals his own, other than his identity being that of a caretaker for his brother. All along, even though he is seen as a complete mess with no direction, Sonny is the one who has a strong sense of identity. It isn’t until the end of the story, that the narrator can finally see his brother for who he really is. Sonny identifies with the music, and the lifestyle it exudes. He is comfortable in his own skin when he is surrounded by the music. â€Å"Sonny’s fingers filled the air with life. His life. † (pg. 1749) Secondly, Baldwin tackles the theme of social acceptance in both pieces. In â€Å"A Stranger in the Village,† Baldwin is living in Chartres, Switzerland, a small mountain town where he can be completely removed from the noise and chaos of Harlem or Paris, and he can just write. When he walks through the small town, he knows that he is the first and only black person most of these people have ever seen. However, he is greeted very differently that in America. As he walks down the street, â€Å"The children who shout ‘Neger! have no way of knowing the echoes this sound raises in me. † (pg. 1707) Such a word that comes with a supremely negative and threatening connotation in the U. S. is simply a word spoken by children who see a man different from themselves and are intrigued. Baldwin is seen as more of a side show act, or an exotic creature to the people of Chartres. They are fascinated by his difference from them, but do not seem to be threatened or disgusted. The biggest example of social acceptance from â€Å"A Stranger in the Village† would be the image of Baldwin playing with the local children on a nice day. To see a grown black man playing with small white children in the United States at this time would not be tolerated. In some parts of the country it would absolutely result in jail time, violence, or even death. In Chartres, the children play freely with Baldwin as their parents look on. It is both socially accepted and celebrated. It is amazing to see the difference in perspective through a difference of history. America’s past dictates its present. In â€Å"Sonny’s Blues,† the biggest theme of social acceptance comes with Sonny’s chosen lifestyle and profession. As he struggles with a heroin addiction, he also struggles to make a life for himself through his music. There is a stigma placed on artists that they are lazy, irresponsible people who don’t want to go out and get a â€Å"real job. † This is definitely a stigma placed on Sonny by not only society, but his brother as well. â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† is a piece that teaches us to celebrate those who want to live creatively, and to recognize their importance in our society. Lastly, as with most of Baldwin’s pieces, we are forced to look at the theme of racial discrimination. In â€Å"A Stranger in the Village,† Baldwin speaks of rage. He says, â€Å"Rage can only with difficulty, and never entirely, be brought under the domination of the intelligence and is therefore not susceptible to any arguments whatever. † (pg. 1708) he says that the rage and resentment the black man has for the white man is something that can never completely go away, and that there are two ways to deal with it. â€Å"†¦either rob the white man of the jewel of his naivete, or else to make it cost him dear. † (pg. 1708) In Chartres, Baldwin is approached by children who want to see if the color on his skin will rub off. When they realize it doesn’t, they are fascinated by this person who is so different than them. At the very same time, in America, it is a well-known fact that the color of your skin will not rub off and that it will dictate every part of your life. In certain states it will tell you where you can eat, where you sit, who you can buy from, and where you can go to school. In â€Å"Sonny’s Blues,† the suffering that the narrator finally sees his brother going through as a struggling musician and addict, can be mirrored to the suffering of black people in America. He reads of Sonny’s arrest in the subway where Baldwin writes â€Å"I stared at it (the article of Sonny’s arrest) in the swinging lights of the subway car, and in the faces and bodies of the people, and in my own face, trapped in the darkness which roared outside. † (1728) This can be read literally, as it is very dark outside a running subway car, but also metaphorically, seeing the â€Å"darkness which roared outside† as the darkness and suffering black people would face on a daily basis, struggling to get through life in a white dominated society. In conclusion, Baldwin writes about real life experiences as well as fictional experiences that come to the same conclusions. His writings hold a mirror up to the society in which he lived in and gave insight to the troubles, and also the triumphs of the human race. He exposed 1950’s America for what it really was, and showed us 1950’s Europe, which had a very different opinion on people such as himself. He gives us perspective on the life he lead and the lives led be those surrounding him, ultimately giving us a greater understanding of our own history, white or black.

Liting Wang

Liting Wang Professor Feindert ENGWR 48016 April 2018 Critique of â€Å"There Is Need to Review Our Education System† â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world†, saidNelson Mandela. The Africa News Service published the article â€Å"There Is Need to ReviewOur Education System† on April 1, 2009 by Rhoda Kalema, a well-known author and titleholder of ‘Uganda's Forum for Women in Democracy as a transformative leader 1996.' The article looks at some pressing issues that the education system of Uganda currently faces. There have been no proper mechanisms to expect high-quality education offered in the country. First, she explains that the experience of educated people shows their fear towards the future to come of the present-day education around the world. If people do not have good education, they will not have a bright future. As a result, a country like Uganda might fall back and will be left veryweak. It will affect the country's improvement in many ways. Second, she suggests that the education administration should start focusing on this situation. In addition, both learners' and teachers face challenges that make it impossible for the education system to be ranked anywhere in the world. The government is aware of these challenges but offers no solution. Through critique, the key issues facing the primary, secondary, and vocational education in Uganda are examined. There is no definite opinion from the author that is currently viable to revive the whole situation. The author fails to mention the mechanisms that have fuelled the failure of the education system but only comes up with assumptions. Even though the article could be persuasive to an extent because of the clear organization, the posting's lack of sources and evidences, grammatical issues, vague terms, and weak arguments confuse readers. The article has a clear organization following an introduction, and lists the main points as subheadings, and a conclusion. Although the author has clear points in the article, she does not provide enough evidence and sources to support them. The author organizes the article into sections and follows with examples which is effective because it is effortless for readers to understand the ideas. However, the article does not include any sources and examples from other authors. â€Å"This would call for the Government to improve on the few available vocational institutions, build many new and modern ones, and create regional vocational and technical instructors training colleges† (Paragraph 8). This and a few other examples appear to like her personal opinions and her thoughts because sources are missing. Readers cannot trust the author easily. Additionally, the body paragraphs do not have transitional words, so the article does not flow well. Numerous grammar and punctuation mistakes are evident all over the article. For instance, the author presents a non-standard question â€Å"Why then stop a parent from feeding his/her child? And why stop a headteacher and his staff their role to plan school meals for their students?† (Paragraph 17). Several grammatical errors show failure to proofread some of the sentences. For instance, in paragraph 5 she mentions: The Ministry of Education should invite retired and current educationists forconsultations, [sic] also the non-governmental organizations with the YouthDevelopment Programmes could be consulted. The education syllabus development, most importantly needs experienced and interested persons in this field and not only the appointed civil servants and technocrats.She does not avoid vague terms and presents them without any explanation. For example, she writes â€Å"Teach the young people skills and they will never be lost children† (Paragraph 7). ‘Skills' is a vague term which needs more specification. Another example of vague word choices is â€Å"Since this statement cannot be easily refuted, then we should mourn the future of our country† (Paragraph 2). The word ‘easily' could have been improved. Some of the author's arguments are presented in random and visually uncluttered manner. The author presents most of her points with no illustrations or citations. The author points out the most exciting factors in the education system. For example, â€Å"Everyone in the country and even those outside who have ever experienced a balanced education about 25-30 years ago is in pain over what is happening in the education sphere† (Paragraph 1). As evident from the article, there is no evidence of any citation where the author got the information from, and this puts into question the credibility of her information. The author uses weak arguments to make logical appeals. For example, â€Å"Then at one time about 3,500 or 350 were crossed off the payroll (shortly after they were reinstated, so we read.)† (Paragraph 10). The strength of this posting is rooted in the author's inability to bring out points to illustrate the failures that are evident to every reader of the article. Anything that contributes to meeting the huge needs of the education systems in Africa is positive, such as programs or projects driven by people who want to serve the general good of the country in the area. The impression that one gets is that there is a desire to be involved in proposing the beginnings of a solution, a standard foundation for teaching that will integrate specific local features and at the same time will train future citizens of an interconnected and culturally mixed world. A change of school learning system will reflect this concept, and it is an interesting one. The author points out the importance of reviewing the education system by giving an example of what needs to be done. â€Å"What we need is the Government to devote a sizeable portion of the budget to education in 2009-2010, construct double, and triple floor classrooms in the existing schools. Only then will our education system be on the right track.† (Paragraph 21). Moreover, everyone in the country and even those that have been lucky to secure jobs outside the country never experienced a balanced education about 25-30 years ago, and it is for this reason that they are in pain over what is happening in the education system. (Paragraph 1). Nevertheless, she fails to point out what is bothering them is and that Uganda's future is doomed to be. The author should provide a more detailed example and offer insight into what vocational and technical institutions focus. Summing up the topic, in general, does not provide any help to the government as the government requires a practical approach to issues not only a theoretical approach. The author does not explain that the revised curriculum needs to focus on the vocational and technical teaching, to provide skills together with the academic learning. In conclusion, the author has managed to create a list of reasons that would help the government and relevant stakeholders argue their case mostly for naught. While like-minded individuals can pull some rhetorical questions to get others thinking, there is little offered in the way of credible argument material. The author also fails to suggest that conspirators and cartels in government hard are working to manufacture a crisis in educational reform. Policy elites are not knowingly falsifying evidence or collectively coming to a secret agreement about how to terrify the public. She also fails to discuss that school reformers inhabit a small and relatively closed network. Policy leaders and stakeholders can accelerate the pace of development. The article is organized in a pleasant and way that makes the posting readable. From the article, it is clear the author has some arguments to make which are sensible but fails to bring out the issue affecting the education system in Uganda in a way that is convincing. Overall, the article is well summed up, but a few improvements in certain elements would have helped in coming up with a more organized piece than what the author has delivered.