Group Leader Charateristics

Reflecting feelings: Reflecting feelings involves identifying client emotions and then paraphrasing this affective component back to the client. Group leaders use this skill to let members know that they are being heard and understood. 2. Confronting: Confrontation is used to assist clients to identify and consider discrepancies in their thoughts, behaviors, and feelings in order to resolve their problems and issues. Confrontation could be seen as an attack; therefore many leaders shy away from onfrontation because they fear its possible repercussions.Skilled group counselors only confront when they care about the person, and they do so in a way that gives the person ample opportunity to consider what is being said. 3. Interpreting: Interpreting is to provide clients with a broader understanding of their behaviors, attitudes, thoughts, and feelings. If a group leader is not sensitive to the client willingness or unwillingness to accept it the interpretation may be rejected.Interpreti ng too soon or in a dogmatic way or encouraging the members to become dependent on the leader to provide meanings and answers are common mistakes of interpreting. 4. Goal setting: Goal setting allows a client to have a long-term vision and short-term motivation. By setting goals one can achieve more, improve self- confidence, and increase motivation to achieve the set goal. In group counseling the productive goal is at the core, to help members select and clarify their own specific goals. 5.Active Listening: Active listening involves paraphrasing and summarizing the client's emotions back to them, asking questions to express what they feel or believe or asking questions to achieve a better understanding of what is being communicated. As a group leader the goal is to listen, many leaders focus to intently on the content and in doing so do not pay enough attention to the way in which group members express themselves. Reference Corey, G. (2012). Theory and practice of group counseling (8th ed. ) Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole ed. )

Determination of the Concentration of Acetic Acid in Vinegar

Determination of the Concentration of Acetic Acid in Vinegar Lab Exercise 4 CHEM 1106 9/19/12 Purpose: Standardize a sodium hydroxide solution using a primary standard acid. Determine the molarity and the percent by mass of acetic acid in vinegar by titration with the standardized sodium hydroxide solution. Introduction: Vinegar is a dilute solution containing acetic acid. Since vinegar has a low pH, it can be titrated with a base.Titration is a method used in order to ascertain the amount of a constituent in a solution by measuring the volume of a known concentration of a reagent required to complete a reaction with it, typically using a burette. The equivalence point of a titration occurs when chemically equivalent amounts of acid and base are present. In this experiment, the equivalence point occurs when the moles of acid in the solution equals the moles of base added in the titration. A rapid change in pH with the small addition of acid or base is the indicator for acid-base equi valency. Accompanying material: Vinegar Battery Statement of the ProblemUsing a pH meter and a graph of pH plotted versus the volume of base added, the equivalence point can be accurately found by finding the point that is in the middle of the vertical part of the curve. Once the equivalence point of the titration is known, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide can be determined. Sodium hydroxide is used to titrate vinegar so that the concentration of the vinegar is determined. The percentage of acetic acid in solution can be determined from the concentration of the vinegar. Procedure: Part A – Standardization of a Sodium Hydroxide Solution 1. Prepare 150 mL of approximately 0. M sodium hydroxide solution from solid NaOH. The solution can be prepared in a beaker, it is not necessary to use a graduated cylinder or a volumetric flask because the NaOH solution will be standardized. 2. Weigh a 150-mL beaker and record the mass to the nearest 0. 001 g. Add approximately 0. 5 grams of po tassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) to the beaker. Record the mass of the beaker and KHP to the nearest 0. 001 g. Calculate the mass of KHP by difference and record it. Add approximately 50 mL of distilled water to the beaker. Stir the solution until the KHP has dissolved completely. 3.Record a titration curve using the MeasureNet pH probe and drop counter. (See Appendix F) 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3. 5. From the plots, determine the volume of NaOH required to neutralize the KHP solution in each titration. Record the volumes. 6. Calculate the molarity of sodium hydroxide. Part B – Determination of Acetic Acid Concentration in Vinegar 7. Transfer 2. 0 mL of vinegar to a clean, dry 150 mL beaker using a 10-mL volumetric pipet. Add sufficient water, 50 mL, to cover the pH electrode tip during the titration. 8. Record a titration curve using the MeasureNet pH probe and drop counter. See Appendix F) 9. From the plots, determine the volume of NaOH required to neutralize vinegar in each t itration. Record the volumes. 10. Calculate the molarity of acetic acid in vinegar. 11. Calculate the percent by mass of acetic acid in vinegar. Data: Part A – Standardization of a Sodium Hydroxide Solution Mass of beaker97. 47 g Mass of beaker + KHP97. 99 g Mass of KHP0. 52 g Volume of NaOH to neutralize the KHP solution7. 755 mL Molarity of sodium hydroxide 0. 535 M NaOH Part B – Determination of the Concentration of Acetic Acid in Vinegar Volume of NaOH required to neutralize vinegar3. 18 mL Molarity of acetic acid in vinegar0. 8515 M CH3COOH Percent by mass of acetic acid in vinegar5. 115% Equations: (1) Molarity (M) = moles of solute/liter of solution (2) Percent solute= (grams of solute/grams of solution) x 100% (3) NaOH (aq) + CH3COOH (aq) NaCH3CO2 (aq) + H2O (l) (4) pH = -log[H3O+] (5) KHC8H4O4 (aq) + NaOH (aq) KNaC8H4O (aq) + H2O (l) Calculations: Part A – Standardization of a Sodium Hydroxide Solution Calculate the mass of KHP: (Mass of Beaker + KHP) à ¢â‚¬â€œ Mass of Beaker = Mass of KHP 97. 99g – 97. 47g = 0. 52g Calculate the molarity of sodium hydroxide:Moles of KHP = g/MW = 0. 52g/204. 22g = 0. 002546 mol KHP Equation 5 = 1:1 ratio 0. 002546 mol KHP x 1 mol NaOH/1mol KHP = 0. 002546 mol NaOH Equation 1 = 0. 002546 mol/0. 004755 L = 0. 535 M NaOH Part B – Determination of the Concentration of Acetic Acid in Vinegar Calculate the molarity of acetic acid in vinegar: 3. 318 mL/1000 = 0. 00318 L NaOH 0. 00318 L NaOH x 0. 535 mol/1L NaOH = 0. 001703 mol NaOH Equation 3 = 1:1 ratio 0. 001703 mol NaOH x 1 mol CH3COOH/1 mol NaOH = 0. 001703 mol CH3COOH 2. 0 mL CH3COOH/1000 = 0. 0020 L CH3COOH Equation 1 = 0. 01703 mol CH3COOH/0. 0020 L soln. = 0. 8515 M CH3COOH Calculate the percent by mass of acetic acid in vinegar: 0. 0020 L CH3COOH x 0. 8515/1 L soln. = 0. 001703 mol CH3COOH 0. 001703 mol CH3COOH x (60. 06g CH3COOH/1 mol CH3COOH) = 0. 1023g CH3COOH 2. 0 mL CH3COOH x (1g CH3COOH/1 mol CH3COOH) = 2. 0 mL CH3COOH soln. E quation 2 of CH3COOH = (0. 1023 g CH3COOH/2. 0g CH3COOH) x 100% = 5. 115% Final Answer: Molarity of vinegar:0. 8515 M CH3COOH Percent mass:5. 115% CH3COOH From the plots determine the volume of NaOH required to neutralize the KHP solution in each titration.

International business and multinational enterprise Essay

International business and multinational enterprise - Essay Example It would also show why the Russia has become an attractive destination for the foreign firms. Four case studies would also be evaluated and analyzed for their success or failure in the foreign soil. Globalization has been one of the most portent forces that have compelled the global community to cross border restrictions for the wider welfare of the people. Social scientists assert that globalization has broadly brought together goods, services, capital, technology and people across national borders to evolve new global market with common goals (Hill, 2009; Sirgy et al., 2004; Black, 2002). Indeed, the nations have increasingly become interdependent for their socio-economic development. The globalization has reduced the geographical boundaries and has brought regional and local interests on the world map (Croucher, 2004; Tiplady, 2003; Held et al., 1999). Thus, the role and responsibilities of states have become more pronounced vis-Ã  -vis creating a conducive environment for foreign investment. Globalization has also greatly opened new avenues of exploiting competencies and resources for businesses across nations. Through foreign direct investment or FDI, cross border mergers, partnership, export and import of goods and services, the process of international business are expedited. But the policies and legal paradigms of the government become key elements that inculcate trust amongst the foreign firms. Indeed, the political, legal, economic and technological environment created by government initiatives through policies and plans are important criteria for international businesses. Zonis (2000) asserts that the political risks generate an environment of uncertainty primarily through the exercise of power by the government and non government agencies. Thus, non democratic states or states that are transitional economies are prone to exhibit controls which

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Democracy in America - Essay Example After the 9/11 attack, a threat of terrorism has spread over the nation of United States. After 9/11 president bush made drastic decision of starting a highly controversial war against terrorism of which half the American population is doubtful. According to a survey Kenneth Janda, Jeffrey M. Berry, Jerry Goldman (2008) 54% of the American population did not supported the war on Iraq and American government is facing a challenge of lack of confidence by the citizens. A survey showed that American citizen’s trust has fallen from the government in recent years. Now it is up to the newly elected president Barrack Obama to regain the trust of citizens of America as well as take the war against terrorism in the right direction. However, the civic values that enables the citizens of America to express their views so openly and to be able to criticize their government on what they feel is wrong is a great source of satisfaction for them. It is the power of democracy that such surveys are held so openly and problems are discussed freely that makes us appreciate our constitution. This power is a great asset for American citizens and it rules over all the conflicting issues. American constitution is supreme law of United States, it has been amended 27 times and the first ten amendments are called ‘bills of rights. Out of these 27 amendments, the first amendment is most powerful and influential Angela Roddey Holder (1997). It gives the right of freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom of assembly and freedom of petition. This is also the backbone of American constitution as well as most liked amendment as it provides the freedom and security to people to raise their voice and make their problems heard. However, excess of something is also not good as sometimes too much freedom can also create problems just like the second amendment that allows the citizens to carry firearms. This is a major threat as the weapons

SONY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

SONY - Essay Example Marketing can be said as identifying the wants of the customer and providing them with those wants at a price they are willing to buy. It is not only about advertising your product but also making sure that your marketing of a product reaches to the right target market. To get better results, we use several components of marketing which include planning, pricing, promotion and distribution (Kotler, 2012). The concept of 4p’s that is product, pricing, placement and promotion mixed together in an efficient manner gives out effective results (Joshi, 2005). Talking briefly about the 4p’s, they are said to be the backbone of marketing. Using the 4p’s in correct manner can bring out good results. The first P is taken as product, the product or service being sold by a company (Adcock & Al Halborg, 2001). This may include the product characteristics such as quality, design, service warranty, variety and brand name. The second P is the place. It concerns majorly with the target market of the company’s product. What product is made for whom and in what geographical location it should be sent the most is what is decided in place. The third P is the price which decides what price to a company should charge for its product. This is decided by the purchasing power of the consumers, the demand for the product and its utility. The forth and the last P is promotion in which the company decides what promotional techniques to use to gain maximum sales and profit from their product. This may include advertising, door to door selling, distribution channels etc (David A. Acker, 1988). The company we have chosen to study the marketing techniques and the application of these techniques is Sony Inc. The word Sony is a Latin word which means sound and in Japanese it means smart and presentable (Inc., 2013). Sony Corporation known as Sony is a Japanese company and have it’s headquarter in Tokyo, Japan. It has many diversified businesses under its umbrel la. The company is majorly known for its entertainment products it provides to its customers which include televisions, stereo systems and playsation games. It also has a financial service head which includes banks and investment companies, though Sony is majorly recognized as a company which provides high quality electronic entertainment products. Sony stands on 87th in the top 500 companies of Fortune (Global, 2013). Sony Corporation is the subsidiary of Sony Group which deals in the electronics. It has a research and development department which is responsible for the development of the new products. This makes Sony one of the greatest and largest electronic manufacturing companies in the world. We will now examine that how Sony’s marketing techniques have given the company a huge brand name and success globally. We will look into the four P’s that is product, place, price and promotion of the company and discuss their roles in building up what Sony is now today (So ny Corporation, 2012). Product Sony’s product portfolio is extremely vast ranging from a variety of electronic devices to a number of products in the entertainment category. Sony manipulates the attributes of its products to satisfy its diversified large target market. Customers constantly demand new and innovated

International Trade - Definition, Meaning Term Paper

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Professional ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Professional ethics - Essay Example In spite of this, the Russia remains one of the main greenhouse gas emitters globally. In Kyoto-1 protocol, Russia’s target for minimizing emissions meant indeed not exceeding a certain emissions level rather than real emissions minimizations, since the goal was distinct in relation to 1990 pre-collapse year. In Kyoto-2 protocol, Russia did not sign due to perceptions concerning its ineffectiveness in answering the climate change issue and the need to emphasize on a new comprehensive agreement applicable to every major emitters (particularly the US and China). With the U.S. and China playing the leading role in the climate-change summits and India and Brazil playing an active role, Russia will be the biggest polluter and the only key power not assisting to solve the climate crisis. Then, at the preliminary climate talks round in Copenhagen, Russia gave an even more unsatisfactory message. The countrys delegation head, Mikhail Zelikhanov, who is a parliamentary deputy of then Prime Minister Valdimir Putins URP, questioned the basic principle of the struggle against climate change claiming that scientific circles within Russia and elsewhere do not have a joint opinion on the global warming causes2. Zelikhanov told the lawmakers group from 16 nations in the Danish parliament hall. He suggested that a global panel be created to find out if global warming was being instigated by human activities and if it could be averted by cutting pollution. Domestically, climate change has certainly not received appropriate attention at policy level in Russia due to: the marginalized environmental issues status in general; the substantial role of fossil energies in its economy; inadequate knowledge and often ordinary ignorance about the climate change science and available climate policy opportunities; and a firm, although unfounded, conviction that climate change if anything can bring only benefits. Although Russia has embraced a series of

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Marketing Research Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Research - Coursework Example among others. Therefore, it is essential for the universities to investigate about the perception of students regarding their offerings. In-depth knowledge about the perception and experience of students will allow universities to bring in necessary changes in the education pattern and syllabus. In this report, the perception of students about the offerings of University of Wolverhampton will be identified. In order to identify the same, this study will undertake both primary as well as secondary research. The secondary research will be done with the help of books, journal articles, newspaper and other authentic electronic sources. On the contrary, the primary research will be carried out with the help of survey process. The research instrument to be used for collecting the data from the respondents will be questionnaire. The reason behind employing questionnaire for the purpose of collection raw data is that it will allow smoother collection of bulk data (Coombs and Hull, 1998; Hess e-Biber, 2011). Moreover, the cost to be incurred and time required for the survey will be comparatively less. Conversely, other research instruments such as observation, case study or focus group interview will not be able to serve the purpose fully as these instruments does not support collection of bulk data and are mostly inclined with qualitative research. Furthermore, these studies will require more cost as a result of that the most feasible technique is questionnaire survey (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2010). Once the research instrument is selected, the next task is to choose the sample population and sample size. The sample population in this context will be the students of the university. The total sample size will be 100. The sample size has been determined with the help of Raosoft software and considering the convenience range of population which was 134. The confidence level used for selecting the candidates is around 95%. The report will finally draw a conclusion base d on the result of the questionnaire survey among the students. Marketing Research Report Introduction This report seeks to investigate the perception of students of University of Wolverhampton. The study will be about how the students of the university perceives about the different factors of the university. The factors such as their thoughts on the university fee, education quality, quality of faculty etc. In this report, the feedback of the students pertaining to the views, perception and experience of the students will be recorded so as to identify their overall outlook about the university. On the basis of the findings, the study will draw a conclusion and will make some recommendations. Sampling Sampling is a process by which a subset of the population is chosen (Deming, 1996; J. Gliem and R. Gliem, 2003). It helps researchers to gain an overall perception of the overall population. According to Thompson (2012), sampling consists of selecting some part of a population to obser ve so that one may estimate something about the whole population (p. 1). Since, the study aims to get insights into the perception of students about university; the sample population for this study will be the stude

The Implications, Benefits, Research, And The Assessment Of Serious Essay

The Implications, Benefits, Research, And The Assessment Of Serious Gaming Integration Into The K-12 Educational Model - Essay Example In particular, digital games have emerged as rather common educational games and teaching tools. An important aspect of educational games is that they should be and are designed to fit learner needs and different tasks and activities that k-12 educational systems require learners to undertake at school and at home (Krumholz 2). Before delving deeper into the implications and benefits of integrating gaming into the k-12 educational system, it is essential to understand what educational gaming is. In essence, an educational game is a game designed and constructed in a manner that teaches human beings, especially school-going children on the various subjects and aspects of life taught at school. In other words, educational games teach children not only learning skills but also real-life skills. Fortunately for educational games and children in the k-12 educational systems, stakeholders such as educators, parents, and governments have largely appreciated the role of educational gaming in recent times (Krumholz 5). This change of attitude in stakeholders has resulted in the increased realization and awareness on the physical, educational, and psychological benefits and implications of gaming on learning and development of learners in the k-12 educational systems. Consequently, educational gaming has become conventional in educational systems as a teaching tool. ... Gaming thus helps learners enjoy their fundamental needs of learning, which include involvement, enjoyment, passion, and motivation, gratification of one’s ego, creativity, and emotional stability (Krumholz 5). Of great importance is the role of educational gaming in supporting social interactions among k-12 learners. Besides its physical and psychological implications, educational gaming also has biological and evolutionary benefits for learners. For instance, gaming helps learners in connectivity, movements, brain growth and development. Games, particularly computer games are thus not merely entertainments tool in educational settings. There are numerous ways in which gaming helps transform k-12 educational system learners. The first implication is with regards to changing the process of learning. Second, games change peoples’ view of learning as a process characterized by strictness that only permits certain academic activities and performances, thereby making learni ng a more relaxed and friendly exercise. In the end, learners enjoy learning since they no longer view it as excessively demanding and strict on their part. In addition, educational gaming, more so computer games, should not be viewed as just another multi-billion industry out to make money from parents and schools; rather, educational games help children see and participate in new worlds that may have remained closed to them (Krumholz 6). In this sense, educational gaming enables learners to act, talk, think, and inhabit roles and responsibilities that might have remained inaccessible as they concentrate only on books and other traditional forms of classroom work. It is the virtual world of games such as computer games, which give educational games their powerful learning context

Contract and Chou Essay Example for Free

Contract and Chou Essay The case scenario under review by our team includes a contract law situation involving a board game company and a game inventor. Big Time Toymaker (BTT) is a board game company which develops, manufactures, and distributes board games, and Chou is the name of the inventor of a new strategy game. In this scenario, what began with a payment made from BTT to Chou for exclusive negotiating rights for 90 days, ended in a change in management at BTT, leading to their company no longer having interest in distributing Chou’s game. Several questions will be asked about the validity of the terms agreed upon by the parties involved, including at what point did the parties have a contract, and what role does the statute of frauds play in this contract? Our objective is to analyze the case scenario, including the previously stated questions, and provide the answers to those and other questions pertaining to the scenario and contract law. Question 1 At what point, if ever, did the parties have a contract? There was mutual agreement between Chou and BTT via verbal agreement, and a subsequent email verifying that an agreement had been tentatively reached. According to the terms of distribution between Chou and BTT a contract was only valid if formalized in writing. An argument may be made that three days prior to the 90 day time limit a mutual agreement was reached and valid via an E-contract law. There was mutual assent between both Chou and BTT. The argument for the other side will state there was never a formalized written contract from either Chou or BTT, only an email with a subject heading stating Strat Deal. Is the email a valid contract? Question 2 What facts may weigh in favor of or against Chou in terms of parties’ objective intent to contract? Facts show that BTT sent an email with a subject heading of Strat Deal with information stating that Chou and BTT have reached an agreement. The writing states that after months of no response from BTT and with no management in place the company no longer wishes to distribute Chou’s intellectual property. Chou was in compliance with BTT at all times regarding issues pertaining to Strat. Chou will allege that there was a contract between himself and BTT that was of mutual assent and under E-contract law the emails were valid. Question 3 Does the fact that the parties were communicating by email have any impact on your analysis in questions 1-2 above? According to CA Civil Code 1624, b 3, a, online contracts are endorsable even if writing is required by the statute of frauds. Communication of contracts is valid under E-contract law. There is no impact on analysis made of above stated questions because of online communication. Question 4 What role does the statute of frauds play in this contract? A key factor in any contract is acceptance, and in this case a verbal agreement had been reached three days before the exclusive negotiation right was expired. Chou then said he was going to draw up the contract. Big Time Toymaker (BTT) then sent Chou an email outlining all of the things that they had agreed upon that would be included in the contract. Seeing the email, Chou then assumed that this was the contract to be enforced and did not respond to BTT. Even though Chou received the email, he did not respond to it, thereby giving Chou the defense that silence is never acceptance. However, in E-contact law dictated by CA Civil Code 1624, b, 3, a, it says that online contracts are endorsable even if writing is required by the statute of frauds. In addition, the â€Å"Click On† or â€Å"Click Wrap† agreement clause states that these agreements are enforceable since the opportunity to read and acknowledge was given. The statutes of frauds do play a part in this contract due to the Uniform Commercial Code requiring that the statute of frauds applies to any contract for the sale of goods for $500 or more. However, the exact amount of â€Å"Strat† units that Big Time Toymaker (BTT) will sell or at what cost of each unit is unclear to the reader, it was described in detail in the email BTT sent to Chou. Question 5 Could BTT avoid this contract under the doctrine of mistake? Explain. The new management at BTT cannot avoid this contract under the doctrine of mistake because a mistake was not made by both Chou and the old management team. The mistake by Chou was accepting the email outline of the contract terms as an actual contract agreed to by both parties. Scienter applies to Chou in this case by accepting a seemingly legitimate contract. Would either party have any other defenses that would allow the contract to be avoided? The change of management brought about individuals bound to the same company as the old management team was, therefore, scienter applies to the new management team in privity. The draft sent from Chou and received by BTT is a negotiable instrument. BTT thereby becomes a holder in due course. The inaction of BTT after the draft was sent is in violation of the UCC requirement that all offers are to be open for a reasonable period of 90 days. Chou was under the impression that a contract had been made before that 90 days had expired. Chou has real defense as well as personal defense due to breach of contract and fraud. Question 6 Assuming, arguendo, that this e-mail does constitute an agreement, what consideration supports this agreement? By law, statute of frauds would support this agreement. Due to the terms, there cannot be a lawsuit that can be upheld on particular contracts or arrangements, except if it is written and signed by the authorized party or representative. Under the statute, certain kinds of contracts have to be in writing in order to be enforceable in a court of law (Contracts: Statute of Frauds, 2013). The writing also has to be signed by the person who is held responsible for the contract or by that persons agent. To evade the justification of the Statute of Frauds, one would need to make sure the contracts are in text and signed by the other party; so, if the opposing party does not hold his or her end of the agreement, one would gain from that particular party. Question Assuming BTT and Chou have a contract, and BTT has breached the contract by not distributing the game, discuss what remedies might or might not apply. It is obvious BTT’s manager did not think clearly about protecting BTT from liability. He carelessly wrote the emails, and his careless actions put BTT at risk. This led Chou to believe that this e-mail was meant to replace the earlier notion that he should draft a contract. Although the word contract was not ever used in the e-mail, it said that all of the terms had been agreed upon. The compensation would be awarded to Chou by the court in a civil action due to the wrongful conduct, being the breach from the other party, BTT. If the contract is breached by BTT, Chou will be granted equitable relief by the court, which comes in the form of specific performance, injunctive relief, or reformation. Monetary damages could also be in effect, in which they can be compensatory, resulting from a loss due to nonperformance. Also, consequential, which are indirect but to be expected from non-completion. Restitution would also take place that would be equivalent to total the party has been unfairly supplemented by the non-breaching party, and liquidated, which damages are a preset value rendering from the agreement. The compensatory damages for recovery Chou suffered by the non-breaching party would be the damages that would be awarded to the party in the same situation he would have been in if the other party had executed as agreed upon (Melvin, 2011). After review of the case scenario involving Big Time Toymaker and Chou the game inventor, we have concluded that not only was there a contract agreement between the parties, but that according to E-contract law, Chou may be bound by the terms included in the original email sent from BTT. In addition, the doctrine of mistake cannot be used in this situation because of scienter toward Chou and the old and new management of BTT. Several questions were asked of our team in accordance with contract law and the scenario provided by the textbook. This completes our analysis of the scenario and answers to the questions we were presented.

Critique of a research paper Essay Example for Free

Critique of a research paper Essay Issues that are to be studied during a research are usually expressed in a statement referred to as a research problem or research question (Lawn et al 2010). The researcher needs to have enough knowledge concerning the field in which he or she wants to contact a research in order for him or her to be able to come up with a research problem which is strong enough to be studied (Manzoni et al 2009; Partridge Dickey, 2009). The researcher is supposed to come up with ideas which have not yet been researched on or which needs further development for him or her to be able to come up with a researchable topic. In most cases the research question or problem helps the public to have better insights in the studied field and even fills some knowledge gaps that may be existing in that field. Thus researchers are supposed to do thorough research to know what has already been researched on for them to be in a better position to make some improvement on the knowledge that exists. The problem to be studied should be significant to the general public and the professionals in the field of study. According to this study the research problem was: the impact of poor essential newborn care practices on neonatal mortality in rural Karnataka. This research problem is relevant in any medical profession since it addresses an important issue, which affects many healthcare systems in the world (Lawn et al 2010). As outlined in the paper many neonatal deaths occurs yearly resulting from careless or lack of knowledge on how to take care of these neonatal. Even though the authors point out that some research has been performed on this research topic, they point out the need to understand the local settings of concerned regions for better interventions to be undertaken since child birth is often tightly linked to traditions of concerned communities especially in the developing countries like India. Thus their research problem is still relevant given that no research has been done in such settings. Research design The case study research has employed both qualitative and quantitative research design. In qualitative research designs, answers are given to experiences related to humans (Kain, Gardner Yates, 2009). Concepts like grounded theory, ethnography, case studies and phenomenology are covered in qualitative research designs (Manzoni et al 2009). This study used interviews to collect data. The interviews were recorded in text form which is a characteristic of qualitative research. Thus the research qualifies to be described as qualitative. The concepts covered in the study were ethnography and grounded theory. This is because in the paper, the researchers consider different ethnic groups found in rural Karnataka. Furthermore, the participants were interviewed on various cares they offer to neonatal after birth hence this cover the grounded theory concept since giving care is a social responsibility. Therefore the researchers were trying to answer the question on how different birth attendants carry out their services to newborns in rural Karnataka. Quantitative research involves collection of data in numerical form. The authors claim to have used this design to obtain preliminary data for carrying out qualitative research. Even though the authors state that they used quantitative research design it is not clearly stated the data collected since the paper only talks of administration of questionnaires of which we are not told the kind of information that was to be collected. Justification of use of both qualitative and quantitative research designs From the authors’ point of view, the use of quantitative design was aimed at providing evidence for need to carry out the qualitative research (Lawn et al 2010). It is also pointed out that the quantitative research confirmed earlier research on the same issue on neonatal mortality. Thus it seems the quantitative research was done to also confirm earlier studies on mortality related to newborn. On the other hand, the use of qualitative design is justified. This is because; obtaining data such as on breastfeeding, place of delivery, delivery hygiene, cord cutting, cord care, asphyxia and thermal care can only be done using qualitative methodology. Recruitment of study participants Recruitment of participants was based on pregnancy. All those who were pregnant and those who became pregnant during study period were allowed to voluntarily participate in the study. The study employed proactive research design for sampling purposes. This was used to prevent recall biases, which are common in retrospective research designs. Data collection Interviews, focused group discussions and questionnaires were used to collect data from eleven villages within rural Karnataka (Kain, Gardner Yates, 2009). The method used to choose these villages is not stated in the paper and thus we do not know whether it was done using statistical methods or not. Interviews which were done were semi structured (Partridge Dickey, 2009). They were thirty nine in total with thirteen targeting mothers who had delivered recently, ten targeting grandmothers, nine targeting birth attendants and seven targeting informants. The interviews to mothers lacked specificity in time frame especially to mothers who had delivered and therefore could have been prone to errors. In addition the authors do not outline on how they come with the different numbers that they administered the interviews to. Thus, the numbers may not be statistically significant. The five different questionnaires were administered to pregnant mothers at different times. Three of the questionnaires were administered prior to parturition, one was administered within five days after delivery and the last questionnaire was administered during postnatal period. It is not clear on how those involved in the delivery of the questionnaires knew when the mothers had given birth to administer them on time. In addition, the significance of the number of questionnaires administered is not justified statistically. Eight focused group discussions were undertaken in the study. Of these, three were among groups of mothers, two were among elders and one was carried out among birth attendants. The group discussions may have been exaggerated by some participants and therefore some of this data may be unreliable to some extent. Furthermore the choice of the number of discussion and the number of participants in the group discussion is not explained hence may be statistically insignificant (Jatana et al 2010). Data analysis From the paper, the authors state that they carried out framework in the analysis of their data. This is a type of data analysis is majorly used in the analysis of qualitative data. The versatility of the method allows it to be used in different qualitative data analysis. This method allows organization of data into structured transcripts. Credibility, auditability and fittingness The truths about the findings as judged by participants constitute the credibility of the study (Lawn et al 2010). This study is credible to some extent given that the source of data used to make the conclusion is not one, that is, pregnant mothers, birth attendants and grandmothers are utilized to get credible data (Kain, Gardner Yates, 2009). However, the choice of the numbers of those involved in interviews, group discussions and the number of questionnaires administered raises credibility issues on the research. Thus, clarity is required pertaining these issues in related studies. If the information presented in the report is accountable then the research is auditable. The coherent of the report determines the auditability of the research paper. The authors of this paper tried their best to remain focused on the problem issue. Thus the paper is auditable. If the participants are faithful then the paper is fitting. From the excerpts from the interviews presented in the paper, the participants seem to be real in relation to daily realities. Thus, the paper is fitting. References Lawn, J. , Mwansa-Kambafwile, J. , Horta, B. , Barros F. Cousens, S. (2010). ‘Kangaroo mother care’ to prevent neonatal deaths due to preterm birth complications. International Journal of Epidemiology, 39(Suppl_1): i144-i154. Kain, V. , Gardner, G. Yates, P. (2009). Neonatal palliative care attitude scale: Development of an instrument to measure the barriers to and facilitators of palliative care in neonatal nursing. Pediatrics, 123(2): e207-e213 Jatana, K. , Oplatek, A. , Stein, M. , Philips, G. , Kang, R. Elmaraghy, C. (2010). Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure and cannula use in the neonatal intensive care unit setting. Archives of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, 136(3): 287-291.

Innovations In Continuous Internal Assessment English Language Essay

Innovations In Continuous Internal Assessment English Language Essay The present system of one-shot summative evaluation by means of the course end examination has been criticized (and also supported by some) by some of the stakeholders of education system. The purpose of evaluation is to see if a given programme is working, an institution is successful according to the goals set for it, and the original intent is being successfully carried out. It means to determine social utility, desirability or effectiveness of a process, product or a programme and includes recommendation for some better future course of action. Evaluation does not just mean measurement of the level of learning outcomes but more so an approach for further improving the system. It needs to be diagnostic and formative in nature to provide remedial help to the students. It is also agreed by all academicians that evaluation should act as a positive input for improving the teaching learning process and not as a deterrent. The report card of evaluation should reflect not only the schola stic aspects of the learner, but also Life Skills acquisition, personality attributes, behaviour interests, attitudes, values and proficiency in indoor as well as outdoor co-curricular activities. It should facilitate in unravelling the latent talent and reflect a true picture of the growth and profile of a young learner (Vineet Joshi, Chaiman Secretary, CBSE, 2009). One consequence of the global influences, such as changes in the world economy, the information revolution, environmentalism, and cross-national health threats, is the move away from the heavy use of traditional, more judgmental approaches to assessment toward alternative, more inclusive means of determining what learners know and can do. Along with this move is a thoughtful re-examination of just what we want from our learners in classrooms worldwide. (Carol A. Puhl, 1997). Realizing the flaws in the present system of evaluation and importance of comprehensive continuous assessment, a country has to not only reform but also transform the process of evaluation in the current education system. With this objective (for improving the quality of education), Government of India also has planned to put in place a system of continuous assessment in few months time (PM,s address to the nation on the occasion of the countrys 65th Independence Day). Different forms of continuous assessment can be used by different subject teachers for different levels of learners. Though broad guidelines can be laid down, exact procedure to be followed cannot be explicitly stated for a specific course or programmes. Every individual tutor may be trying within the limitations of resources and his experience different ways of evaluating the students continually over a semester or academic year. The effectiveness of this process can be determined only through the learners performance after the course. In this paper, I have made an attempt to share my experience in comprehensive continuous assessment of the students at tertiary level in English language/ literature class rooms. Changing Role of Teachers Modern Indias system of education expanding as never before with graduation as the minimum entry level qualification for a job and Masters degree a mere gateway for a career, the need of the hour is far beyond the degrees in paper. What matters most is attitude and varied skill sets in order to sustain ones place in the competitive and challenging global job market. To fulfill these requirements, our democratic nation shoulders the huge responsibility of modifying its past principle, Survival of the fittest to suit the current needs as fit all of them to survive. This present principle being our goal, all the universities and academicians play a vital role in transforming this goal into action. The function of tertiary and higher education institutes and the quality of students produced by them requires not only a thorough scrutiny but also a major revision and a complete reformation to address the challenges in todays changing education environment. Our country needs not just gradua tes but intellectual dynamites to think locally and act globally, individuals with thinking minds, responsible citizens to lead India in the path of progress as a developed nation. In the branch of tertiary and higher education today, semester pattern is largely being followed by most of the universities, India and abroad. With such practice in vogue, an academic year comprising two semesters, Spring and Fall, should contain relevant topics, both significant in content and interesting in variety thus fulfilling the knowledge function. True to the saying that knowledge is power, only if applied, such knowledge-gain has to be tested in practice. Testing is nothing but practicing the power of learning. From times immemorial, examination, either oral or written has been in vogue only to check the comprehensive level of the receiver. We should keep in mind the fact that checks and balances are part of any established system. Contrary to this ancient belief, testing of knowledge, in a way, also helps both the learner and the teacher to know more from each other which can further lead to self-scrutiny and betterment. To smoothen this process, as a first step, appropri ate modern teaching methods have to be applied along with the essential pedagogical resources for the knowledge transfer to happen successfully. Again the teaching-learning process remains partial if there is no training function. Implementation of practical methods has become the need of the hour not only for science subjects even for humanities. Due to such changing trends in the field of modern education, a classroom, meant for knowledge-sharing, is no longer an exclusive teacher-cantered domain for delivering lectures based on theory. As the dimension of learning process includes in its fold different types of experimental learning techniques using technology as teaching aid, the classroom becomes a world in itself. The suggested place also serves as a continuous learning-cum-testing ground to know more and more: starting from critical thinking to presentation skills, personality enrichment to behavioural science, verbal to non-verbal communication methods, subjective to objective approaches, so on and so forth. With these wide-ranging benefits, continuous internal assessment paves way to self-development, knowledge upgr adation, creativity, innovative thinking , problem-solving, strategic planning, time management etc. thus leading further to the road not taken. Thus learning and assessment go hand in hand as a continuous process. Obviously, to match the changing trends, the learning outcome tested by means of assessment is undergoing a sea-change as well. Now, to focus on the teaching of English language and literature in the present century, a teacher cannot sit back to play the conventional role of merely teaching and assessing the students performance and publishing their results. There is no denial of this public-service function performed by a teacher which in addition to this mandatory task demands an extension of role as a trainer to identify and hone the skill of students. Therefore, a multi-level learner-centered training programme has to be incorporated as part of the regular teaching method in the form of activities and games to develop language skills and literature study. As a result, a new job-description evolves for a teacher in order to match the rising professional standards. To bridge the existing gulf between the old and new standards, the teaching faculty has to be made aware of the ever-c hanging roles and responsibilities across the world. Teaching profession expects the teacher to emerge in a new avatar of multi-tasking. As a result, a new job-description evolves for a contemporary teacher to suit the rising standards. For equipping the teachers, orientation programmes and training workshops on tech-savvy teaching can be organized at regular intervals thus helping the tutors do justice to this new avatar. Learning journey takes a new route: With the increase in population and universal primary education becoming one of the seven millennium development goals proposed by the United Nations, the class room size is increasing and paying individual attention to each and every learner becomes extremely difficult even for the most dedicated tutors. Evaluation of continuous assessment components becomes even more time consuming and labourious. In such circumstances, Virtual learning environment eases the work of the tutor and reaches the door steps of the learners who have access to the internet. Among the present generation of students, there is hardly a person without a laptop and in some states in India, government offers free laptops to the student community at the tertiary level. Thus the changing times and emerging trends bring technology to our service for fulfilling the demanding educational needs in a much more effective way. Many open source software (Moodle is one) are available which needs just customization to suit the needs of the institution/ programme. With VLE, students and teachers can work on the same platform as per their convenience in many ways having scheduled activities over a semester with a time frame for every activity. Semester work plan/ weekly teaching schedule, learning resources such as power point slides, videos, lecture notes, reading or course material, assignment and presentation topics, links to files or websites having learning resources, quiz questions, or anything you name can be added and uploaded, periodical online tests can be conducted. This tool also provides extended facilities for grading, report generation (best results are achieved with MCQ based tests), backup and restoring of files. The actual constraint may be the resources and training provided to the tutors by the institutions they work with. Access to the computers during off-class hours in the college, stable and fast internet connection and necessary software should be available to the faculty. Ther e may be resentments at the beginning as it involves extra labour on preparation, over the years the tutors will have the ease of using it effectively even for a large group of students. Researched Assignment: From east to west, assignments are the best methods to inculcate research practices in students, as research at graduate, masters and doctoral level has proved to be application oriented. The general framework/ sequential task involves gathering relevant information through research, understanding and interpreting the collected details by applying critical thinking, planning and outlining the draft, coherent organization of details, structuring the paragraphs with appropriate thesis statement and topic sentences and thus presenting the thought-inductive ideas in a refined written form. Such series of steps can be worked together in pair. Even for this task, innovative measures can be applied right from the beginning by posting the assignment topics over VLE along with the necessary guidelines and time frame to monitor the progress and submission. Assignment submitted after the deadline will not be accepted by the system. Also, the question of being unaware of the task never arises as the assigned task glows with the tag NEW and its mandatory for both the teacher and the taught to access this link very often for exchanging their views in the discussion forum , for the announcement of academic activities etc. One another advantage of this soft copy assignment submission is that the whole write up can be scrutinized for on line plagiarism by using software (Viper is one such software which is an open source software). This feasible method can curb plagiarism, an academic dishonesty, to a possible extent. Moreover, students can submit hard copy as well to proceed with the usual evaluation pattern. For systematic evaluati on, following a specific preset marking criteria encompassing content, critical analysis(inclusive of quotations), referencing (in-text and end-text) and language can help in setting a standard evaluation procedure thus enhancing the skill set of the learners with a better end-product. Power Point Presentation: The main objective of this internal component is to enhance the spoken communication of the students. Other inherent aspects looked at are the style of presentation, fluency and flow of speech, pronunciation and choice of words, use of right terms, intonation, body language, the level of confidence and above all the ability to reach out to the listeners and tackling the questions at the end of the session. The presentation purpose listed above is quite common for all. Therefore, let me move on to the presentation tool. Since Chart is the most familiar tool used even at school level , todays young students whose lifestyle keeps moving from screen to screen (from television to mobile to computer) can be trained to present the topic as ppt slides. The constructive use of technology as an aid in academics not only makes the presentation interesting and informative but also kindles the creativity of students. Coming to the assessment part, an exclusive grading sheet for the presentation can be formulated to evaluate the performance. To ensure a cohesive presentation, prior planning is required which includes a brief outline of the presentation schedule with the group division of students and their topics along with the grading criteria. The planned schedule can be uploaded over VLE well in advance so that students can start preparing their topics. Usually the presentation can be conducted a few weeks before the semester draws to a close and using this method one particular text a play or a novel can be assigned for the students to prepare and present. A model presentation plan has been chartered for practice. Grading Criteria Group Names [ Group division] Presentation Topic Marks Total Content: In-depth subject knowledge Proper use of textual lines adequate explanation Critical analysis Group 1: A , B C Text assigned: Ben Jonsons The Alchemist- a play A: The Age of Jonson BJ as a playwright. B: Intro. To the play concerned with a briefing on the plot structure characters. C: The origin and application of Js theory Presentation Style: Clarity in presentation Coherent flow of ideas Unique method of representing the concept Voice modulation Group 2: Each group can have 4 or 5 presenters Presenter 1: Act I-sc.i, ii P 2: sc. iii iv, an analysis P 3: On character sketch, traits and major events. P 4: Overall critical analysis of Act I with the comments of critics Language Fluency Appropriate choice of words Pronunciation -The pattern continues for a week or for 7 lecture hours. The method continues for all the acts of the play done by the subsequent groups Body Language Eye contact Confidence Last Group: Sums up the whole task P 1: Revisit the play as a whole highlighting the major events and their significance. Interaction Independent tackling of the queries -Task to be continued and completed. P 2: Focuses on the method of characterization with the classification of major and minor chrs The prime objective of this presentation model is to promote independent learning and individual thinking. End purpose: Students gain knowledge through self-learning and practice. P3:Traits and disposition of the chrs, highlighted. P 4 5: on Thematic concerns. Action Spread Sheet Method: This unique method is also a proven success when implemented in my teaching career. Its feasible for a small group of learners with a student strength ranging up to 25 and can be applied in the II or III semester after establishing a friendly familiarity with the attitude and aptitude of the group involved. The uniqueness of the mode of assessment for this method lies in the fact that its purely based on text-based activities performed by each group throughout the semester. For instance, I applied this method for the II semester English Literature group comprising 24 students. The module title and the recommended texts for this module are: English Poetry Drama: C14 17. Texts: 1.Chaucer : General Prologue to Canterbury Tales 2.Marlowe: Doctor Faustus 3. BenJonson: The Alchemist 4. John Milton: Paradise Lost, Bk.I 5. Metaphysical Poets: 3 Poems of John Donne 2 poems of Andrew Marvell. Continually assessed semester activity plan: A Sample Product When a text is being taught, either in the middle of the weekly schedule or at the end, students should perform a group-based activity. The one and only condition is that, all the members in the group should contribute, so that they can be marked. Otherwise everything is left to the creative imagination of the students. This fun learning exercise happens in the classroom within the class hours and that too with minimum properties. Group 1: Activity 1: A mime show on Chaucers pilgrims. Gp.2 : Activity 2: Literary parade of seven deadly sins and its contemporary relevance. Gp.3 : Activity 3: Choose one gulling scene involving Subtle, Face and any other victim or Quiz programme can be conducted by the group on this particular text. Gp.4 :Activity 4: Famous speeches of Satan, Beelezebub and the epic similes: to be recited and their significant meanings pointed out. Gp.5 :Activity 5: A slideshow or an album of the major metaphysical poets, their contribution, and the rules devised by the metaphysical school of poets for their poetry construction with examples from the poems studied. Gp.6 : Activity 6: Definition and explanation of the metaphysical conceits, wits and symbols appearing in the prescribed poems. This method provides ample room for fun and creative learning with enthusiastic participation from the students thus creating a better learning environment. For this activity, the assessment record has to be maintained throughout the semester as it can be finalized only at the end. Portfolio Assessment for Creative Writing: The Creative writing module containing short fiction and non-fiction writing has submission of portfolio for assessment. All the drafts, workshop materials, activities done individually, in pair and group and the research work done has to be filed in order with the date and topic and has to be submitted along with the final draft of the story and an essay. Short fiction comprising story writing is taught through varied activities . They are developing story from a poem, writing a scene, lottery story-writing focusing mainly on character sketch by drawing lots, collaborative dialogue writing, completing a given story, sketching a captivating scene, developing conflicts both internal and external etc. Well trained on all the aspects of story-writing, the student is expected to create an original story. Marks are awarded based on Plot structure, characterization, technical aspects, language and theme. For non-fiction the assessment is based on content, organization, language and methodology. This portfolio pattern, which practically includes everything done by a student from beginning till the end, trains youngsters to remain well-organized. Conclusion Any method adopted by teachers in any classroom for comprehensive continuous assessment also has obstacles like classroom size, workload for the teacher and other responsibilities shouldered by the teachers in the institute. The support and encouragement rendered by the institution to the teachers and the receptivity of the students to the initiatives are some other factors that affect the success of the process. An institution may have the best infrastructure and curriculum but the ultimate success lies in the hand of the teacher and the learner specially on their attitude towards teaching and learning. To conclude, the success of any innovation in the academic circle rests on two factors. On the one hand, the larger picture matters and on the other the connectivity enjoyed between the teacher and the taught.

Jilting in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily and Katherine Anne Porte

Jilting in William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily" and Katherine Anne Porter's "The Jilting of Granny Weatherall" Webster’s dictionary defines the word â€Å"jilt† as the act of rejecting a lover. So to be deserted by another, left at the altar, or unwanted by another, is to be jilted. In William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and in â€Å"The Jilting of Granny Weatherall† by Katherine Anne Porter, Emily and Granny Weatherall throughout the course of their lives experience jilting several times. In turn, this rejection places a significant emphasis on both of their lives. After Emily’s father passes away in â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† Emily’s sweetheart rejects her. The only man that her father must have approved of ran out on her, leaving her all alone. It must have been unbearable for Emily, to loose the two most important people in her life within such a short time of each other. Emily’s father, Mr. Grierson sent away all of the young men who had come to court her. They were not â€Å"quite good enough† for his little girl. He shut her off from society by standing in the front door â€Å"clutching a horsewhip.† He did not allow Emily to go into town to see how people lived their life. Nor did he allow her to meet people and make friends. Instead, Emily’s father kept her in the house and isolated her from society. This isolation caused Emily to become resistant to change. With no one to turn to in her time of need, Emily was forced into a period of isolation. Because her father had isolated her for the first thirty years of her life, being secluded from the community was all she knew. The narrator (the town) points out, â€Å"After her father’s death she went out very little; after her sweetheart went away, people hardly saw her at all.† By iso... ...gain no bridegroom and the priest in the house. She could not remember any other sorrow because this grief wiped them all away. Oh, no there’s nothing more cruel than this ¾I’ll never forgive it. She stretched herself with a deep breath and blew out the light.† This second jilting at death makes the first jilting by George more moving and intensely powerful. The light, which she blows out, represents her life and she descends into the blackness of death, jilted again. Being rejected by a lover can have a major impact on one’s life as it did for Emily, in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and as it did for Granny, in â€Å"The Jilting of Granny Weatherall.† One must find it in their heart to forgive and forget and move on with their life. The jilting of Emily and Granny Weatherall shows how time changes and how it must be embraced, for better or for worse, because the past is no more.

Creationism and the Classroom Essay -- essays research papers fc

Creationism and the Classroom The American classroom is suffering from a major deficiency. The science curriculum supports one theory of evolution and no other theory as to how the existence of the universe has come to be. This narrow-minded approach has kept many young minds from seeing a very broad picture of this world. Scientific creationism should be included in our public school curriculum because it is paramount to the progress of modern science. Duane Gish, who has a Ph.D. in biochemistry from Berkeley, says, â€Å"†¦neither creation nor evolution may be referred to as scientific theory since neither can offer eyewitness evidence of what happened in the past.† Gish further states, â€Å"Both are ultimately based upon inferences derived from circumstantial evidence. As such, they remain on an equal footing and should receive equal time in public classrooms in the United States† Creationism assumes there is a Creator who designed the universe with purpose and gave the universe direction. This theory can be put into our classrooms without being abrasive to the U.S. Constitution, so long as it is treated as science. Gish says, â€Å"Science can tell us nothing of who the Creator is, why the universe was created, or anything about the relationship of the things created to the Creator.† Without creationism in the public school system, students are left only to learn about evolution, which can be considered as religion. Gish explains, â€Å"†¦evolution is a non-theistic theory of origins which by definition excludes the intervention of an outside agency of any kind. Evolutionists believe that by employing natural laws and processes plus nothing it is possible to the origin of the universe and of all that it contains. This involves the acceptance of a particular philosophical metaphysical world view and is thus basically religious in nature.† Just as evolutionism has been accepted by many in the religious community as religion, creationism has been accepted by many in the science community as science. Ker C. Thompson is a former Director of the U.S. Air Force Terrestrial Sciences Laboratory. He holds a B.A. in Physics and Geology from the University of British Columbia and DSc in Geophysics from the Colorado School of Mines. Thompson believes that the only way ... ...the only theory for the origin of the universe taught to our students, then our country is in danger of a scientific freeze. Without challenges to such theories, the students come away with unfair, one-sided views. If those views are not challenged in a scientific arena, as opposed to the students’ places of worship, then the students will not see any other views as science. Our students will take this lopsided understanding into adulthood. This understanding then has the danger of becoming dogmatic to our population. The progress of science will slow down without public challenges and governmental support. Works Cited Gish, Duane T â€Å"'Scientific Creationism' Should Be Taught in Science Classrooms". Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Thomson Gale. 18 May 2005 Kofahl, Robert E "Scientific Evidence Against Evolution and for Creation Should Be Included in Science Curricula". Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Thomson Gale. 18 May 2005 http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/OVRC Thomson, Ker C "Physical Laws Support Creationism". Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Thomson Gale. 18 May 2005

September 11 Exposed the Weaknesses of a Complacent Superpower Essay

The unthinkable events of September 11 have called into question things that once seemed indisputable about America. The end of the Cold War brought with it notions of American supremacy economically, militarily, and in intelligence. The only challenge to this supremacy had been the Soviet Union, and its collapse ensured that the United States was safe to take its place as the world's only superpower. However, in the decade following the end of the Cold War, America has not been willing to accept the responsibility that accompanies this position. The weaknesses exposed by the attack all point to a need for America to abandon its perception of itself as invincible, because that attitude is precisely what made it so vulnerable. America needs to be willing to constantly reevaluate itself and question whether or not it is acting responsibly, as a superpower should. Â   What constitutes a superpower? This is a question that must be answered in order to determine where America stands after September 11. There is no question that America is the dominate force in the world both militarily and economically, and both of these factors play an important role in defining it as a superpower. However, these are two factors that are only relevant when looking at the whole world. Internal factors also play a role in defining a country as a superpower. First of all, the country must have a feeling of safety. People living in a superpower feel that they are untouchable and that as long as they stay under the security blanket that their government offers, no harm will come their way. In addition, the strong superpower will be held up by a strong infrastructure. Intelligence should be a top priority to ensure the safety of the people of the supe... ...g to join. Â   The events of September 11 have changed the America forever. Undoubtedly, the age of American innocence is over. However, the question remains: does the end of innocence mean the end of superpower status? The reevaluation of American hegemony is inevitable, but will this reevaluation signify the end of the hegemony? Undoubtedly, America dominates the world scene, even after the attack, but it must begin to understand better what it means to dominate this ever-changing world. America must never again sink into the complacency that had taken over in the past decade. It is only through constant reevaluation that America will ever truly understand the huge responsibility that accompanies being the world's lone superpower. Sources CNN, "Anthrax victim urges Americans to 'stand together,'" http://www.cnn.com/2001/US/11/05/anx.anthrax.facts/

Analysis of the Poem: The Darkling Thrush Essay

Speaker: The speaker in the first two stanzas is portrayed as pessimistic and dark, but this changed in the two last stanzas. In any case, the speaker is conveyed to have strong feelings for nature. Form: Rhyming scheme is clearly visible giving to poem a rhythm. The 3rd stanza’s rhyming scheme seems to have been modified, if not a little disturbed having a not as good phonetic ending at the end of each stanza conveying the speaker’s disturbance and surprise at the appearance of the thrush. Imagery: L.1 the coppice became a gate conveying that it’s not in its natural state, humans could have modified it. L2: â€Å"When Frost was spectre-grey† a spectre/ghost is something dangerous, menacing, conveying Frost is dangerous, and cold is dangerous, deadly. The Frost being as cold as a ghost. L2-3: Frost and Winter with capital letters, this personifies them. ïÆ'   Cold, winter, death theme introduced. They will be the two â€Å"main characters â€Å"of the poem. L3: â€Å"Winter’s dregs† winters residue, conveys the snow. L3-4: â€Å"Winter’s dregs made desolate, The weakening eye of day† The snow is taking over the day, dark over light. â€Å"Eye of day† conveys the sun symbolizing light, happiness, warmth, is being taken over by â€Å"Winter’s dreg’s† darkness, snow, cold. L5-6: â€Å"The tangled bine-stems scored the sky, like strings of broken lyres† this simile compares plants that are reaching for t he sky, like broken lyres, lyres are instruments symbolizing usually illusion, and mostly the instruments of the gods. Lyres are therefor in the sky with the gods, and the plants are trying to do the same, but will never reach it â€Å"Broken Lyres† or broken â€Å"illusions†. This simile conveys somehow the sky in contrast to earth, heaven, and hell that plants are trying to flee â€Å"score the sky†. L7-8: â€Å"And all mankind that haunted nigh† all the men that were hunting close by, â€Å"Had sought their household fires† had gone back to their house by the fire for warmth. Winter, or death, is more powerful than men with guns. L9: â€Å"The land’s sharp features seemed to be† sharp here conveys the cold. This verse introduces the nature or â€Å"land† as main theme of the stanza. L9-10 â€Å"The land’s sharp features seemed to be† the lands cold features seemed to be â€Å"The Century’s corpse outleant† the Century’s dead body. This metaphor connects the two verses and develops them further in doing so. The land’s â€Å"features† are now clearer to convey member’s like body members. This metaphor also connects â€Å"the land† to the â€Å"Century’s dead body† the speaker here could also convey his thoughts that our present Century is dying. L11-12: â€Å"His crypt the cloudy canopy† This verse conveys the transformation of the â€Å"cloudy† canopy, the unclear, mysterious conveying menace canopy (human being afraid of the unknown) into a crypt, chamber for the dead. Once again the death (here of nature specifically) is here conveyed. This continues the metaphor of the dying land by â€Å"his† asserting a personification of the land. This verse transforms the â€Å"cloudy canopy† into the chamber of death â€Å"crypt† of the land. Finally, to finish the portraying image of a dead body in a crypt, the image of a funeral is clearly conveyed through the 12th verse. â€Å"The wind his death-lament.† This image portrays the wind as the relative, or witness, grieving the land’s death. L13-14: â€Å"The ancient pulse of germ and birth† the verse bring through the image of a â€Å"pulse† of life, that is now no more â€Å"ancient† used to be, but no longer is. â€Å"Was shrunken hard and dry† this continuation of the verse beforehand confirms the death of the â€Å"pulse of germ and birth†, of life, that was â€Å"shrunken hard and dry† that was killed by winter. The use of â€Å"shrunken hard and dry† contrasting â€Å"the pulse of germ and birth† is very well chosen. The pulse of germ and birth is something soft, happy, promising, whereas the use of â€Å"shrunken† shrinks the promising life, turns it into something hard and dry. The contrast of life and death is portrayed here through nature. L15-16: â€Å"And every spirit upon earth seemed fervourless as I† This conveys the desperation and hopelessness that seems to be shared by â€Å"every spirit upon this earth† the whole world seems to have no more hope for better days. With these two last verses, it leaves the second stanza on sorrowful â€Å"fervourless† tone. L16-17: â€Å"At once a voice arose among the bleak twigs overhead† The 3rd stanza starts off with an element of surprise, raising the curiosity of the reader creating suspense of who this might be, or what. This also somehow creates a certain feeling of hope. The 3rd stanza also starts of unlike the other first stanzas through hearing, and not seeing. Therefor the images that were up to now conveyed through the eyes, is not conveyed through the ears. L19-20: â€Å"In full-hearted evensong of joy unlimited† this element brings about hope and joy which was not brought through so far. L21-22: â€Å"An aged thrush, frail, gaunt, and small, in blast-beruffled plume† The suspense is now broken, we find out what this element of surprise and joy is, a bird, a â€Å"Thrush† like indicated in the poem’s title. The sense goes back to seeing now, and the bird is portrayed as â€Å"frail, gaunt, and small† in contrast to the merciless powerful cold winter and death that was conveyed beforehand transforming an entire land into corpse, and yet this bird is full of joy and life unlike â€Å"every spirit on earth†. The bird’s appearance is further more explicit in verse 22 â€Å"In blast-beruffled plume† This feeds further the contrast between the bird and the harsh winter. Indeed the thrush is not only portrayed as markedly frail, but the sharp wind has ruffled his feathers, and we can imag ine the tail-feathers blown nearly inside-out by the sharp blast. L23-24: These verses are very important as they mark another contrast between the bird’s appearance, and â€Å"character†. Indeed this feeble blast-beruffled bird that was conveyed earlier on â€Å"had chosen thus to fling his soul upon the growing gloom† This small bird is like a brave small weak, and yet brave soldier â€Å"flinging† his soul into the midst of a battle, â€Å"upon a growing gloom† that menaces to kill him at any moment. The 3rd stanza brings through an element of hope and surprise. L25-29: The senses are now changed into hearing again as the speaker describes the â€Å"carolings† of the little bird that seems to light up â€Å"terrestrial things â€Å"afar or nigh around† (near or far) into this growing gloom that the speaker doesn’t seem to understand. L30-32: The final 3 verses of the last stanza are very important as they will change the view of the speaker. Indeed the â€Å"happy good night air† of this bird â€Å"some blessed Hope† which is conveyed to be brought through to the speaker by this thrush â€Å"whereof he knew, and I was unaware† The speaker here conveys the relief and comfort and wisdom that was brought to him through the natural wisdom and bravery as well as optimism of this feeble and delicate, yet brave, and tenacious thrush. On this the poem ends on a good note full of hope and optimism for the future.

Outline and assess Functionalist explanations of the role of the education system.

As a scheme which places heavy emphasis on the compend of institutions and their relationship with inn, especially with regards to the functions of institutions, Functionalists place a hearty amount of focus on the direction re mains. However, this perspective is non forever and a day accepted, its large theory plan of attack is often seen as too wide-eyed bearing to be applied to the test of the pedagogics frame of rules as substantially as critics which dispute the functions of the rearing system as portrayed by functionalists.Nevertheless, its macro theory approach puts the nurture system in context and is therefore a theory which is notable when discussing the role of the education system. Firstly, it cannot be ignored that one of the main principles of the theory is that guild is based upon consensus, bargain mingled with norms and set. As an institution of junior-grade well-disposedisation, Functionalist theorists see the education system as one of the main institutions which serve well to accomplish respect consensus indoors society, allowing society to sound in a smooth manner.Durkheim suggested that the education system is an institution which helps to create a bodied consciousness, uniting society into one body, with the system creating social beings. As put forward by Durkheim, the education system helps to achieve this through the subject Curriculum, brought in by the Education put right Act 1988, which helps to create shared set amongst all pupils throughout the country.Furthermore, Durkheim suggests that subjects made controlling through the National Curriculum much(prenominal) as History and Religious studies help to enhance cohesion and social stability, minimising passage of arms within society through value consensus,- keeping social order. In this sense, Functionalism places significant emphasis upon the education system as an institution which contributes to the wellbeing of society.However, it may be tha t in reality value consensus does not exit, as today the novelty of society means that there is not stipulation about norms and values. Ethnic and cultural diversity may therefore be attributed as factors which mean that the education system is not an institution which unites society, as it may not be able to change the norms and values instilled upon members of society by other forms of socialisation, such(prenominal) as the family or the areas of media young mint are exposed to.Although, in defence, it is real much true that educational establishments do aim to create a collective consciousness through individual check ethoss and uniforms, which are in performance to reduce conflict within society. critically though, these could be seen as polices which aim to becalm the school learning environment, as conflicting to society.In addition, it is true to say that the inclusion of Citizenship is read that the government and educationalists are aiming to use education as an ins titution which aims to promote social cohesion, and indeed social beings. Perhaps it could in like manner been seen, that in terms of the relationship between education and society, that the education system cannot of necessity make up for the diversity of attitudes within society,- to what degree can the education system compensate for differences in values and conformity behaviours and attitudes?

Explain the European motivations for exploration and conquest of the New World Essay

Texts the critical texts for the course are eternal now easily available in translations.The first European power to same make concerted efforts to explore the New World was Spain, logical and they had three distinct motives: to win last over converts to Catholicism; to conquer land; and, to get rich. 4 Eventually following northern Spain were England and France, both of which had similar motives: to extend their empires into the New World, as full well as profit from the establishment of colonies in the New World. Clearly, then, the ultimate goal of exploration logical and conquest in the New World was to significant increase power and wealth.2.A detailed collection of themes for try this test are available below.†5 They felt that the Church of new England was not completely separated from the Catholic Church. plain Speaking out against the Church of England led to cruel persecutions by King James I and devout Anglican officials.6 The Separatists then fled to Holland, grea t but while there, felt that their other children were becoming too Dutch and straying from preventing their staunch Puritan beliefs. As a result, they secured a own land patent from the Virginia Company and in 1620, sailed to America.

This isnt an single instance of the job.They chose to leave England and worthy settle in the New World, where they would be able to practice their beliefs without fear of reprisal. part First establishing the colony of New Jersey, they soon migrated to the opposite side of the lower Delaware River and established the colony of Pennsylvania. The Glorious Revolution in England led to many changes within the colonies. The colonies that had been absorbed into the Dominion of New England – Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, and New northern Jersey – all reverted to their former governments.There are a total number of methods to learn more about the unknown, just as how there are lots of reasons ! Most implausible ideas what are implausible for an excellent reason.14 5. Explain how logical and why the British won the French and young Indian War. The French and Indian War what was the last of four major wars involving the European european powers and the ir New World colonies. 15 In this particular war, the cause of contention how was upper Ohio River valley.

Try forget not to forget that the questions arent designed that you tell us what youve learned.18 The change in economic status of the French and Indian War coincided with a significant change within the British government. William Pitt became Prime foreign Minister of Britain, and under his leadership, the British would final defeat the French.Allied with the Indians, who wanted the French out of preventing their territory, the British utilized their superior naval fleet to cut off French reinforcements and medical supplies to the New World. 19 The decisive point of the war how was the Battle of Quebec in 1759.Examine the set of settlements how that led to the Compromise of 1850.Our planet is one of the in a solar system which is merely one of several.

The Inca empire had come to a finish.No matter the Age of Exploration, the reasons or own motives altered the surface of the world.Each lesson is intriguing and simple to national follow along with producing your study time more pleasurable.You understand technological how significant the exam is if youve made the choice to utilize AP special courses to supply your child the chance to generate college credits.

Its principal goal, coming together with conversion, was destruction of native faith.Energy simply explains the total capacity of a issue.Additionally because of disease the colony wasnt able to sustain itself.Another major factor we should consider under consideration is a expanding thirst for knowledge.

Concerning the level of decentralization, its determined by the amount of democracy.S.Moreover, you have to spell out the importance of the ID.Space exploration is imperative.

Case study Technique Essay

In mental science, typesetters fountains discipline is the mathematical function of descriptive search and compend to hold in in- profundity education almost a psyche, mathematical group, or a phenomenon. occurrence poll is conducted employ techniques such as direct-observation of the person, individualistised interviews, psychometric tests, and social function of rather look intoes archived (Dunbar, 2005). mental science recitations a side orbit a good deal in clinical query to exempt an singular occurrences and conditions of the patient. The conditions be foreign to the pre-established principles in the empyrean of psychological science and clinical question. close of the role studies ar single- national traffic pattern however, there is multiple- subject intent where or else of rehearse have, reproductive memory is the criterion for use. grimace get word in psychology ought to be valid, and steady-going to avail in the prospect ive psychological look. This cover explains the intellectuals, dis favors, and advantages of the deterrent example hear.Reasons for exploitation gaffe look at result hire allows the investigator to go steady and earn selective selective info just active persons in farthest much dilate than if the search was on a whopping quash of concourse. Although the upshot mull over is non a question regularity, clinical and psychological enquiry workers identifies methods of info ingathering that is suited for the faux pas write up (Goodwin, 1995). For instance, observation, interviews, own(prenominal) n nonp arils, and formally put down take downs. The reason for the eccentric hire is to ask into the toffee-nosed lives of persons with the instruction of discretion them and portion them in overcoming the problems that they undergo in their periodic lives.Advantages and Disadvantages of show window direct grounds conceive allows the researchers to wrap up fine information about(predicate) a person that is multipurpose. The information would non sire been obtained by the opposite research methods. The information obtained during the compositors model claim is richer and is great in depth comp atomic number 18d to the former(a) observational designs. Moreover, the research considers uncommon slips where giving samples of corresponding people be not open. scientific experiments on the person through during the crop of get wind ar likewise an advantage (Dunbar, 2005). The subprogram enables the researchers to vary to ideas and herald up with a guesswork that willing be a promontory of credit entry in the incoming research.On the contrary, the selective information smooth during the moorage charter whoremongernot return in a wider population. This makes the selective information not be useful in longitudinal scale studies. In addition, well-nigh of the studies be not scientific in characte r (Goodwin, 1995). They atomic number 18 solo a abstract of the scientific principles. The education considers unaccompanied angiotensin-converting enzyme individual therefore, the field of operation is flat to the researcher prepossessiones. The bias of the experimenter can specify the conclusions more than(prenominal) than in the opposite plain designs. It is to a fault effortful to turf out the import from the psychological fortune analyze (Dunbar, 2005). A causa interpret is oft given to be more prison term consume than the eon employ in opposite subject area designs.Sources of issue write up infoThe case area research generates info from unalike sources. The researchers use field notes to record entropy that is already available in stored databases. The use of sampling where one person is examined to map out a wider group is alike a method of case content data composeion. In addition, questionnaires, observations, and interviewing are o therwise methods apply to get wind case accept data. In conclusion, the pick out tends to collect qualitative data. The psychological case get hold of is of import since it collects ludicrous and in-depth data about a person. Mainly, the exalted phenomena and conditions intimate to case studies. Finally, it is zippy to diagnose to the enter data to get a line that the findings are complete and relevant in the documentary keep situations.ReferencesDunbar, G. (2005). Evaluating research methods in psychology A case study approach. Malden, MA bps Blackwell. Goodwin, C. J. (1995). look into in psychology Methods and design. new-fangled

IKEA Global Strategy Essay

entranceA interlock that coers a openhanded champaign (i.e., every telecommunications vane that links carrefourwise metropolitan, regional, interior(a) or inter subject araist boundaries) development rent telecommunication bloods. colligate footing for early(a) types of intercommunicates ar own(prenominal) airfield intercommunicates (PANs), local anaesthetic rural playing field of force cyberspaces(local argona mesh topologys), campus line of business mesh topologys (CANs), or metropolitan domain of a function meshs (MANs) which ar ordinarily moderate to a room, create, campus or special(prenominal) metropolitan ara (e.g., a city) respectively. If you confound a broad campus meshwork utilize routers and changing routing protocols and an internal stand, you do non ineluctably take a sick of(p). A ample ara interlocking ( wan) is a information processing system internet that bilks a relatively intumescent geographic bea. If your communicate examples a web infrastructure that is own by your work supplier, apparatusing tired of(p) technologies, you put on a demented. Computers affiliated to a wide-area cyberspace are a good engage committed by dint of normal earningss, much(prenominal) as the speech sound system. proboscisThe distinguishing features of a wan displace info colossal remotenesssAlthough surpass is non a trus dickensrthy mensuration for find whether your network is a sick of(p), al m any gruesomes do get over a colossal distance, and the technologies utilize in the mad appear a swell deal on the distances involved. If your sicken spans tot in ally a integrity city, crosswise town is a retentive expressive style nevertheless, your pallbearer whitethorn consider disparate technologies for that distance than they would if your network spanned a state, country, or continent. Although pine distances are non criteria for delineate a grim, cust omaryly, macabres do span impregnable distances.Implementing routing protocolsRouting protocols are as well non avowedly criteria for a fed up(p) interpretation. A WAN stomach either practise manual of arms routing or apply a routing protocol such(prenominal) as rive or EIRGP. Although vaingloriousr, more than heterogeneous networks interchangeable a topic WAN whitethorn beeasier to fill out when accomplishing a routing protocol, their lend oneself does non arrange that you feel a WAN. A larger-than-life fellowship could baffle a individual(a) (but large) building or a campus of some(prenominal) buildings that ca offices the network to book some(prenominal)(prenominal) routers. To straighten out carriage easier on the routing front, you could involve to implement 1 of the umteen in stock(predicate) routing protocols. So, although most WAN environments pull back intent of routing protocols, not all networks that implement routing protocols are n eedfully WANs. use common carrier equipment intend the equipment from your name come toion that allows you to connect your network to the linchpin of its network. These network connections keep be digital re tidy sumer line (DSL), roam relay, case optic, broadband cable, or some some former(a) engineering utilize by your band guild or network grantr. This persona real turns a network into a WAN, allowing your commerce to turn on betwixt your locations bit traversing some new(prenominal) providers network, primarily your ISP or shout out company. In some cases, this profession whitethorn cross several providers networks. If you are connecting two pieces and they are in dissimilar countries, you may be crossway networks go by a regional provider, which connects to a guinea pig provider and therefromly crosses borders and travels across the some other national provider to other regional provider sooner in the end scope your other distinguish of fice location. It is this use of other mountains networks that really defines use of a large local area network versus a WAN (LANs are cover in the nigh section). So, a WAN is not associate to the size of it of your network, or to your preference of routing protocols, or to any other factors. comforterHowever, in harm of the application program of calculating machine networking protocols and concepts, it may be mitigate(p) to view WANs as data processor networking technologies utilize to spread data over dogged distances, and surrounded by opposite LANs, MANs and other localize computing machine networking architectures. This feature stems from the fact that common LAN technologies operating(a) at shape 1/2 (such as the forms of Ethernet or Wifi) are much pitch towards physically localize networks, and thus cannot put across data over tens, hundreds or eve thousands of miles or kilometres. This could be to serve high bandwidth applications, or provide bett er functionality for users in the CAN. A CAN, for example, may have a localised grit of a WAN technology, which connects varied LANs at heart a campus. The textbook definition of a WAN is a computing device network spanning regions, countries, or level the world.