The British Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

The British Economy - Essay Example In this procedure, the exactness and effectiveness have upgraded however complexities have likewise expanded fundamentally. Universal exchange has an incredible monetary significance as it assists with carrying financial flourishing to a nation. Universal exchange exercises incorporate import and fare which impacts outside and local trades. In addition, certain monetary dangers are likewise connected with worldwide exchange and henceforth, the legislature consistently attempt to control universal exchange related exercises. This paper will endeavor to manage outside trades strategy of UK. Prior, the UK pound was utilized to be resolved utilizing the fixed swapping scale strategy by contrasting with other outside monetary forms. Be that as it may, because of specific weaknesses of fixed swapping scale strategy, the UK Government has moved to gliding conversion scale strategy. This paper will introduce clarifications on fixed and gliding rate arrangements and how the UK Government assumes a urgent job in controlling and choosing the outside and residential money strategies. The UK is one of the main economies in Europe and it has a place with the classification of first world nation. It is a â€Å"leading exchanging power and money related focus is the third biggest economy in Europe after Germany and France†. Since most recent two decades, the Government is assuming a urgent job in the development of agribusiness, administrations, and industrialization. Its GDP according to buying power equality was almost $2.189 trillion and GDP according to legitimate conversion scale was about $2.259 trillion. The per capita GDP was about was $35,100 with genuine GDP development pace of 1.6% in 2010. Administrative specialists including the national (Bank of England) is answerable for overseeing and controlling the financial issues. The swelling and joblessness in 2010 were 3.3% and 7.9%. During the monetary emergency of 2007-2008, the UK’s economy was intensely influenced.

Do Colleges Look at Middle School Grades

Do Colleges Look at Middle School Grades SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Would it be advisable for you to be stressed over a poor quality you got in center school harming your future school applications? Do center school grades mean college?With school confirmations getting increasingly serious and understudies planning for school prior and prior, numerous individuals wonder if universities take a gander at the center school evaluations of candidates. Will that C you got in sixth grade math keep you away from getting into your fantasy school? In this guide, we clarify if universities see center school grades, which grades schools are generally inspired by, and all that you can do as a center school understudy to plan for the school application process. Do Colleges Look at Middle School Grades? Your center school evaluations won't be a piece of your school application.No school, even a profoundly serious one, will be seeing what grades you got in center school. There are a few explanations behind this. The principle one is that, when you apply to school, your center school evaluations will have happened excessively quite a while in the past to give universities a precise thought of the understudy you are presently. In the event that universities see that you got a D in science when you were 12 years of age, that truly doesn’t give them any knowledge into the kind of understudy you are at 17 or 18 when you’re applying to schools. You’ve had a long time to improve your examination propensities and ace new material, so punishing you for something that happened years back would be uncalled for. Center school reviews basically happened excessively some time in the past to be valuable. Moreover, center school grades are regularly more emotional than secondary school grades. One center school may have an altogether different reviewing scale contrasted with an alternate school, while some center teachers may give everybody A’s while others are substantially more exacting. Things like this can occur in secondary school as well, however it’s increasingly common in center school, which makes it harder for universities to contrast grades of understudies who went with various center schools. Universities additionally have a lot of better data to make sense of what sort of understudy you are that they needn't bother with your center school grades. Universities request a ton of materials when you apply, including your secondary school transcript, government sanctioned grades, the extracurriculars you were in, individual explanations, and letters of recommendation.This is sufficient for them to get a smart thought of what your identity is and what sort of understudy you are. Center school grades wouldn't include any helpful data. Which Grades Do Colleges Look At? Which Year of School Is Most Important for College Applications? Universities won't be taking a gander at your center school grades, yet they will be exceptionally intrigued by all the evaluations you got in secondary school. At the point when you apply to universities, you’ll present a transcript that incorporates the evaluations you got the initial three years of secondary school, and numerous schools additionally expect you to present your senior evaluations once you get them. Universities will take a gander at each evaluation you got in secondary school, so preferably you need your whole secondary school transcript to be strong.However, there are a few evaluations that are more critical to schools than different evaluations. For the most part schools care most about the evaluations you got junior year. These evaluations are the most significant in light of the fact that, when you apply in the fall of your senior year, they’re the latest grades the school approaches, so they give them the best thought of your present capacities. On the off chance that you got a couple of low evaluations your first year however convoluted and got high evaluations the remainder of your secondary school profession, universities will see that possibly you battled a piece initially, yet then you defeated those issues and had the option to keep up a high GPA a while later. That gives them certainty you’re on target to be a fruitful undergrad. Then again, in the event that you started secondary school with a solid GPA however have step by step gotten lower grades, particularly in your lesser year, universities might be increasingly worried that you’re battling as classes get progressively troublesome, you’re losing inspiration, or both.Having high evaluations your lesser year will give universities certainty that you can prevail as an understudy that their school. How significant are your evaluations from different long stretches of secondary school? Senior year grades are presumably the following generally significant, albeit a few universities settle on affirmations choices before your senior evaluations are out. Be that as it may, numerous universities will request your senior evaluations significantly after they’ve acknowledged you, so don’t fall prey to senioritis and begin drifting your last year of secondary school. Sophomore evaluations are generally significant from that point forward, at that point first year recruit grades. What Can You Do in Middle School to Prepare for College? Despite the fact that universities don’t take a gander at your center school reviews, there's still bounty you can do in center school to get ready for school. It’s not required to begin contemplating school in center school, yet in the event that you’re truly inspired, there are a few things you can do as a center schooler to place you in the best spot when it comes time to apply to school. Here are three things to concentrate on. #1: Get the Best Grades You Can in Your Classes Despite the fact that universities won’t be taking a gander at your center school grades, you despite everything need to get the best grades you can during those years. Having solid center school grades expands the odds of you being put into cutting edge classes as a secondary school rookie, which universities will see. Moreover, by buckling down in center school, you’ll obtain great investigation and testing propensities that you can keep on utilizing in secondary school, making it simpler for you to get high evaluations in your secondary school classes.You don’t need to enter secondary school without realizing how to appropriately peruse a part in a course book or study for a major test. Become familiar with these things in center school so you’ll be as readied as feasible for your secondary school classes and can begin your first year off solid. #2: Think About Which Subjects You Enjoy Most You completely don’t need to comprehend what you’re going to study as a center schooler (most secondary school understudies have no clue about what they’re going to study!), however it can be useful to begin considering what your preferred subjects are and which of them you’d like to keep taking. In the event that you realize that you appreciate, say, math and science classes more than English and social examinations classes, when you get to secondary school you can start planning to take further developed classes in math and science to show universities that you’re gifted in them. It’s thoroughly fine to alter your perspective on which classes you plan on taking in secondary school, however by beginning to consider it in center school, you can be more ready when it comes time to pick classes in secondary school. #3: Participate in Different Extracurricular Activities Your center school evaluations may not be a piece of your school application, yet extracurriculars you take an interest in during this time may be! In the event that you’ve been taking piano exercises since you were in second grade or been chipping in at a nursing home since you were 13, you can remember that for your school applications as long as you proceeded with those exercises through at any rate some portion of secondary school. This implies your center school extracurriculars can show universities your duty to an action, and taking part in an extracurricular in center school can assist you with getting an initiative situation in that movement as a secondary school understudy. In the event that universities see that you’ve stayed with a movement since center school, it’ll show them you’re energetic about it and can truly commit yourself to an activity.Similarly, getting an administration position in an extracurricular likewise shows you’re enthusiastic about it and that you have authority abilities (a major in addition to schools). Likewise with tip #2, it’s totally fine to change extracurriculars between center school and school, yet in the event that you’re searching for an approach to fortify your future school applications, staying with at any rate one can help. End: Do Middle School Grades Count for College? Do universities see center school grades? No, your center school grades happened excessively quite a while in the past to truly give universities an exact thought of your present scholarly capacities. Universities have numerous different snippets of data that are significantly more helpful for making sense of which candidates to acknowledge, so they don’t utilize center school grades. Which evaluations do schools take a gander at? Your secondary school evaluations will be significant for your school application, especially your lesser year grades since these give universities the best thought of what sort of understudy you are presently. Despite the fact that your center school grades won’t be utilized in the school application process, you can in any case start planning for school applications in center school by getting high evaluations (to set you up for the best secondary school classes), pondering which classes you need to proceed with in secondary school and past, and partaking in extracurriculars you’re intrigued by and need to proceed with in secondary school. What's Next? Attempting to choose where to go to secondary school? Figure out how to look at secondary schools utilizing SAT or ACT scores. Thinking ahead to your secondary school grades?Learn the normal secondary school GPA so you recognize what to focus on. Starting your school search?Check out our guide on the most proficient method to pick the best school for you. Need to improve your SAT score by 160 or your ACT score by 4 points?We've composed a guide for each test about the best 5 techniques you should use to have a taken shots at improving your score. Download it with the expectation of complimentary at this point:

Love after Love and This Room Essays

Love after Love and This Room Essays Love after Love and This Room Essay Love after Love and This Room Essay Love after affection is a sonnet composed by Derek Walcott it is tied in with finding your self and its disclosing to you how to proceed onward, it takes a gander at the past and mirrors all the great and terrible things that had happened at that point. It instructs you to be upbeat simply the manner in which you are. It additionally says that tragic love after undertaking can confine us, making us disregard ourselves however hopeful message that we will lose this and be glad again.This room is a sonnet composed by Imitaz Dharker, which has a comparable thought of losing you limitations and requirements yet progressively, representative, demonstrating that limitations could be anything. It is about the excessive delight of life.Both sonnets are idealistic about happiness.The sonnets have distinctive hopefulness, in many loves it says You will welcome yourself showing up and will grin demonstrating that satisfaction will return. Additionally in the content it says The more interesting who has adored all of you your life it is a shellfish message we ought to find and appreciate ourselves, it is an ameliorating guarantee of perpetual love. It likewise says will grin at the others welcome suggesting that they are glad to see one another and they will say no words in light of the fact that there outward appearances will show it all.In this room it says Breaking out as pots and skillet fly by the roof fan. This is inferring that it is an energizing, enthusiastic sonnet, more bubbly than other, practically like an animation with its insane thoughts. It likewise says when the unlikely shows up this is a significant line since she is communicating the need to break out of imperatives, to savor the sudden and live completely. At the point when it says Im pondering where Ive left my feet This suggests they are totally confounded and ignorant of what is happening.The sonnets have diverse structure and structure, Love after adoration has a free section to coordinate the tho ughts of the sonnet since it is about the opportunity to act naturally. The structure between the main refrain and last stanza are totally different it begins with the opportunity will come, which means it is close to the beginning. In the last stanza it says the photos recommending the past, what has occurred and taking a gander at it.In this Room the sonnet is additionally free section like the other, it suits the message of pushing off limitations. The sonnet every now and again utilizes enjambment it says breaking splitting this is the present ceaseless demonstrating that it is occurring now and will occur in the close future.The language in the two sonnets is extraordinary, in a great many loves the assortment of tenses in the sonnet catches some of life;s stages. There is simply the past when you overlooked yet the future for the certaincy of how you will grin The sonnet has some reiteration in it, it rehashes the word you recommending that the sonnet is guiding you, it is in the objective. The sonnet likewise utilizes monosyllables like Sit, here and eat this shows the sonnet is exceptionally straightforward and straightforward. The sonnet likewise utilizes strict affiliations it says Give wine, give bread this alludes to Jesus Last Supper, which proposes that the sonnet is exceptionally uncommon like Jesus.In this Room the current state Is utilized all through the sonnet so it catches the activity of this movement it says This room is breaking out, the bed is lifting and Chairs are rising. The sonnet utilizes similar sounding word usage it says Celebration, thump this makes pressure and makes the sonnet sound all the more energizing.

CHLAMYDIA AMONG TEENS AND YOUTH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

CHLAMYDIA AMONG TEENS AND YOUTH - Essay Example The other significant aptitudes incorporate having the option to perceive pressures from others and to oppose them, manage and challenge preference, look for help from grown-ups including guardians, carers and experts through the family, network and wellbeing and government assistance administrations. Sex instruction furnish youngsters with the abilities to have the option to separate among precise and off base data, examine a scope of good and social issues and points of view on sex and sexuality, including distinctive social mentalities and delicate issues like sexuality, fetus removal and contraception. It is broadly acknowledged that youngsters reserve an option to sex training, since it is a methods by which they are assisted with ensuring themselves against misuse, abuse, unintended pregnancies, explicitly transmitted sicknesses, for example, Clamydia and HIV/AIDS. Chlamydia is a typical explicitly transmitted ailment brought about by the bacterium, Chlamydia trachomatis. Despite the fact that indications of chlamydia are typically gentle or missing, genuine confusions that cause irreversible harm, including barrenness, can happen quietly before a lady ever perceives an issue. The microscopic organisms can move starting with one individual then onto the next through sex, and perhaps through oral-genital contact. In the event that somebody contacts natural liquids that contain the microscopic organisms and, at that point contacts their eye, a chlamydial eye disease is conceivable. (Stamm W E, 1999) It is hard for a young lady to know whether she has chlamydia in light of the fact that most young ladies don't have any side effects. Chlamydia causes a surprising vaginal release or agony during pee. A few young ladies with Chlamydia additionally have torment in their lower stomach areas, torment during sex, or seeping between menstrual periods. Some of the time a Chlamydia contamination can cause a mellow fever, muscle hurts, or migraine. Like a young lady, a person can likewise make some troublesome memories telling whether he has chlamydia. Some folks may have a release from the tip of the penis, the urethra where pee comes out, or experience tingling or consuming sensations around the penis. Seldom, the gonads become swollen. Chlamydia microscopic organisms live in vaginal liquid and in semen. Around 70 percent of Chlamydial contaminations have no side effects. It is basic among adolescents and youthful grown-ups. At present chlamydia influences somewhere in the range of 3 and 4 million individuals per year. It tends to be hurtful to ladies since it can prompt sterility. The contamination can spread up the fallopian cylinders and leaves scar tissue there so an egg can't get past. On the off chance that this happens a lady can never get pregnant in her uterus. This likewise expands the danger of an ectopic otherwise called tubal pregnancy, which is a pregnancy that can't be finished. This is a genuine ailment and if a tubal pregnancy breaks one can kick the bucket. Most in danger bunches for Chlamydia are adolescents who really have the most elevated rate in the nation. Sixteen to multi year olds have a lot higher rates than grown-ups and that is the two young men and young ladies. It's disturbing on the grounds that it forecasts the future soundness of the children. Also, Chlamydia hits teenagers and youthful grown-ups hard. More than one out of 25 individuals ages 18 to 26 are contaminated with Chlamydia. The disease rate is marginally higher among ladies, as per the May issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). Chlamydia is known as a 'quiet' sickness in light of the fact that around seventy five percent of tainted ladies and about portion of contaminated men have no side effects.

The Internet Increases Social Isolation Essay -- Internet Technology a

Inside most of American family units rest the boundless region of the web. The boundless and continually propelling prospects have opened ground-breaking new devices in correspondence and socialization. Apparatuses, for example, significant distance visual correspondence, global flow of individual musings, and hugely multiplayer online pretending games (MMORPG) have all prompted a closer yet increasingly far off network of individuals. The positive side can ascribe to the way that the more youthful age appears to be more on top of their universal partners. Youth can secretly speak with others through different message sheets, for the most part administered by one strategy, the right to speak freely of discourse. The namelessness of the web has made a network where social untouchables blend openly with others; a general public where athletes can banter with nerds unafraid of response. This people group discharges individuals from the limits of their own tissue. However, mechanical adv ances have driven society into the following element of correspondence and socialization that apparently abrogate conventional and progressively close to home vessels of correspondence. The web, at first created by analysts at MIT and UCLA, had first purposes as an interchanges framework between taking part Universities. Walt Howe, Director of Libraries at Babson College, clarifies that the utilization of the framework was constrained to designers, researchers, and those with the intricate information on PC working frameworks. In light of the unpredictability included many endeavored to make a more client proficient framework, one that home clients could embrace. The most present day and easy to understand framework was spearheaded around 1991 at University of Minnesota as a device to get to documents and data neighborhood... ...partner mingling up close and personal. The innovative shield restrains proxemics and makes it incomprehensible for those imparting to see the automatic body developments of their partner, leaving a disengaged and counterfeit inclination. Be that as it may, increments in web based systems administration will prompt social expertise decay. By expanding internet organizing, individuals will turn out to be left encountering life vicariously. Works Cited Corridor, Edward T. A System for the Notion of Proxemic Behavior. American Anthropologist: 65. Web. 28 Oct. 2014. Howe, Walt. A Brief History of the Internet. Walt Howe's Home Page. Web. 24 Mar. 2015. . Massik, Sonia and Solomon, Jack. â€Å"You-Topian Dreams: Myspace, Yourspace, and the Semiotics of Web 2.0.† 2014. 426-7. Simpson, Joanne Cavanaugh. â€Å"Multitasking State of Mind.† 2006. Massik and Solomon. 469-71. The Internet Increases Social Isolation Essay - Internet Technology a Inside most of American families rest the boundless domain of the web. The boundless and continually propelling prospects have opened amazing new instruments in correspondence and socialization. Apparatuses, for example, significant distance visual correspondence, global flow of individual considerations, and hugely multiplayer online pretending games (MMORPG) have all prompted a closer however progressively inaccessible network of individuals. The positive side can ascribe to the way that the more youthful age appears to be more in line with their universal partners. Youth can secretly speak with others through different message sheets, generally represented by one strategy, the right to speak freely of discourse. The namelessness of the web has made a network where social untouchables blend openly with others; a general public where muscle heads can chat with nerds unafraid of backlash. This people group discharges individuals from the limits of their own tissue. However, innovativ e advances have driven society into the following component of correspondence and socialization that apparently supersede conventional and progressively close to home vessels of correspondence. The web, at first created by analysts at MIT and UCLA, had first purposes as a correspondences framework between taking an interest Universities. Walt Howe, Director of Libraries at Babson College, clarifies that the utilization of the framework was constrained to architects, researchers, and those with the mind boggling information on PC working frameworks. On account of the multifaceted nature included many endeavored to make a more client productive framework, one that home clients could receive. The most present day and easy to use framework was spearheaded around 1991 at University of Minnesota as an apparatus to get to documents and data nearby... ...partner mingling vis-à-vis. The innovative shield represses proxemics and makes it unimaginable for those conveying to see the automatic body developments of their partner, leaving a disjoined and counterfeit inclination. In any case, increments in internet systems administration will prompt social aptitude decay. By expanding internet organizing, individuals will turn out to be left encountering life vicariously. Works Cited Corridor, Edward T. A System for the Notion of Proxemic Behavior. American Anthropologist: 65. Web. 28 Oct. 2014. Howe, Walt. A Brief History of the Internet. Walt Howe's Home Page. Web. 24 Mar. 2015. . Massik, Sonia and Solomon, Jack. â€Å"You-Topian Dreams: Myspace, Yourspace, and the Semiotics of Web 2.0.† 2014. 426-7. Simpson, Joanne Cavanaugh. â€Å"Multitasking State of Mind.† 2006. Massik and Solomon. 469-71.

HeLa and The History of the Cell - Free Essay Example

In February 2010, author and journalist Rebecca Skloot published a book, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, which included the stories surrounding the HeLa cell line as well as research into Henrietta Lacks life. In 1951 a poor young black women, Henrietta Lacks was diagnosed with cervical cancer and at the time was treated in the colored ward or segregated division of Johns Hopkins Hospital. The procedure required samples of her cervix to be removed. Henrietta Lacks, the person who was the source of these cells was unaware of their removal. Her family was never informed about what had been accomplished with the use of her cells. The Lacks family has not received anything from the cell line to this day, although their mothers cells have been bought and sold by many. This bestseller tells the stories of HeLa and traces the history of the cell while highlighting the ethical and legal issues of the research. Henriettas name is associated with HeLa cells after a doctor took her cells without her knowing (the name derives from the first two letters of her first and last names). It is told that George Gey, a cancer researcher at Hopkins was longing to study cancer cells however, the method failed because the cells were studied outside of the body and died. But Henriettas cells did not die. In fact they continued to replicate making what we now know as the HeLa cell. The sample of Henriettas malignant tumor was offered to researchers who saw the cells continue to multiply in culture, and they still continue to grow up to this day. Scientists remain stumped why the HeLa cells survived whereas others didnt. It has been proposed that the immortality of her cells is due to the enzyme telomerase (Reveron, 2011). Telomerase prevents the deterioration of the chromosome and thus restores the ends of the chromosome so that they do not age and die like normal cells. As cells divide telomeres at the en d of chromosomes shorten and ultimately die however telomerase prevents this from happening. Since then, HeLa cells have been used in a number of groundbreaking medical experiments. While these cancer cells ultimately killed her they have been studied for medical advancements and rest in vials to this day. The cells have been used for advancements such as the development of the polio vaccine, the cancer drug tamoxifen, chemotherapy, gene mapping, in vitro fertilization and treatments for influenza, leukemia and Parkinsons Disease (Keiger, 2010). In the book the author points out that over 60,000 studies were published by researchers who used the HeLa cells, which in turn advanced their careers and publications. Aside from the scientific findings and fascinating history in this book, the alarming parts are the personal narratives of Henriettas life and the story her family tells. In 1993 her only living daughter, Deborah continued to fight in order to find out knowledge about her mother. Yet within this biotechnological universe she was given misleading information and was lost in the technical jargon sadly leaving her with no information at all. Meanwhile, these research institutions thrived from the dividing cells. This causes controversy amongst many critics and readers. Science and research are meant to explain difficult concepts relating to the human body, evolution and the universe. Instead there are many instances when it is abused. If Henrietta Lacks cells were taken and being studied for beneficial purposes then there would be no reason not to tell her daughter the simple truth, instead of making it complex. This raises reasonable suspicion that the scientist studying her cells was seeking profit and glory.

The Grand Inquisitor The Role of Religion - Literature Essay Samples

The Grand InquisitorThe mind is its own place, and in itselfCan make a heaven of hell, a hell of heaven.- John MiltonThe questions proposed in Fyodor Dostoyevskys The Grand Inquisitor challenge the very essence of human existence. The idea of freedom is examined and described through a bleak, contemptuous perspective. In the Grand Inquisitor, one of humanitys most protected and beloved ideals is illustrated as a destructive force that has plunged mankind into a state of anguish and disorder. From one angle, the story can be perceived as an attack on God and religion but closer examination reveals the opposite conclusion: The Grand Inquisitor is an explanation for the vital necessity of one religious institution.The context in which the story occurs is shocking: God visits earth in human form, performs a few miracles, and as is promptly locked in a jail cell by a flesh and blood man who proceeds to admonish God for giving mankind free will. The tale is not given to us directly. Ivan t ells the story to his brother, Alyosha, with interruptions and elaborations sprinkled throughout. It is clear from the beginning that Alyosha is a religious man while Ivan has adopted a more cynical position. The first exchange that occurs between the brothers illustrates this contrast.Brother, Alyosha said suddenly, his eyes beginning to flash, You just asked if there was in this whole world a being who could and would have the right to forgive. But there is such a being, and he can forgive everything, forgive all and for all, because he himself gave his innocent blood for all and for everything. Youve forgotten about him, but it is on him that the structure is being built, and it is to him that they will cry out: Just art thou, O Lord, for thy ways have been revealed!'Ah, yes, the only sinless One and his blood! No I have not forgotten about him; on the contrary, Ive been wondering all the while why you havent brought him up for so long, because in discussions your people usually trot him out first thing. (Pg. 413)As the reader gets deeper into the story, they realize this early conversation was deceptive. Ivan is the storyteller and dominates the majority of The Grand Inquisitor. He sneers at his brothers faith and since he is the central character, it is expected that Dostoyevsky will attempt to persuade the reader to assume Ivans stance.As Ivan continues, the reader learns that the story is set Spain when the burning of alleged heretics was taking place. It is during this time that God chooses to move through earth. A portion of the story details His magnetism.People are drawn to him by an invincible force, they flock to him, surround him, follow him. He passes silently among them with a quiet smile of infinite compassion. The sun of love shines in his heart, rays of Light, Enlightenment, and Power stream from his eyes and, pouring over the people, shake their hearts with responding love. (Pg. 416)After the Grand Inquisitor becomes aware of Gods presence of earth, he orders his henchmen to remove Him. The description of the Inquisitor sharply contradicts the description of God in human form. The Inquisitor is presented as being a cold, formidable, judgmental presence; even the word sinister is used.He is an old man, almost ninety, tall and straight, with a gaunt face and sunken eyes, from which a glitter still shines like a fiery spark. Oh, he is not wearing his magnificent cardinals robes in which he had displayed himself to the people the day before, when the enemies of the Roman faith were burned-no, at this moment he is wearing only his old, coarse monastic cassock. He is followed at a certain distance by his grim assistances and slaves, and by the holy guard. At the sight of the crowd he stops and watches from afar. He had seen everything, seen the coffin set down at his feet, seen the girl rise, and his face darkens. He scowls with his thick, gray, eyebrows and his eyes shine with a sinister fire. (Pg. 417)Another contrast bet ween the Inquisitor and God is the crowds reaction to them. The people do not demonstrate the same uninhibited awe and adoration for the Inquisitor but rather a fearful obedience.And such is his power, so tamed, submissive, and trembling obedient to his will are the people, that the crowd immediately parts before the guard (Pg.417)A noteworthy detail from this section is how quickly the crowd abandons God, who, just moments ago, they were enthralled with. The theme of mans weakness and the need for a rigid governing authority begins to emerge.What follows is a lengthy monologue delivered by the Grand Inquisitor to God. The lecture details the Inquisitors reproach for freedom. It should be mentioned that for Americans, the concept of freedom would likely evoke a different definition than it would for someone who existed in more restrictive circumstances. For Americans, political and social freedoms are an intrinsic part of our existence. In Dostoyevskys era, such freedoms did not exi st but there were, and have been since the beginning of time, the most basic freedoms of man: the freedom to love, to hate, to believe in God, and so on. These are internal freedoms that emerge from having a free will and this is what the Inquisitor is speaking against. Initially, the Inquisitors claim is appalling. However, he puts forth a compelling argument. He fervently describes the way freedom has enslaved mankind and thrust the human race into a state of tormented chaos. The Inquisitor boldly confronts God on this error and declares that humanity will ultimately reject Him.For the mystery of mans being is not only in living, but in what one lives for. Without a firm idea of what he lives for, man will not consent to live and will sooner destroy himself than remain on earth, even if there is bread all around him. That is so, but what came of it? Instead of taking over mens freedom, you increased it still more for them! Did you forget that peace and even death are dearer to ma n than free choice in the knowledge of good and evil? There is nothing more seductive for man than the freedom of his conscience, but there is nothing more tormenting, either. And so, instead of a firm foundation for appeasing human conscience once and for all, you chose everything that was unusual, enigmatic, and indefinite, you chose everything that was beyond mens strength, and thereby acted as if you did not love them at all-and who did this? He who came to give his life for them! Instead of taking over mens freedom, you increased it and forever burdened the kingdom of the human soul with its torments. You desired the free love of man, that he should follow you freely, seduced and captivated by you. Instead of the firm ancient law, man had henceforth to decide for himself, with a free heart, what is good and what is evil, having only your image before him as a guide-but did it not occur to you that he would eventually reject and dispute even your image and your truth if he was o ppressed by so terrible a burden as freedom of choice? They will finally cry out that truth is not in you, for it was impossible to leave them in greater confusion and torment than you did, abandoning them to so many cares and insoluble problems. (Pg. 422-423)The Inquisitors argument is difficult to refute, as mans ability to discern good from evil is undeniably questionable. The freedom of will allows each individual to have a different moral system or, in some cases, no moral system at all. If one considers the violence and depravity that occurs in the world on a daily basis, it appears man is unable to manage freedom of the will. The myriad of choices and possibilities, the moral decisions one is confronted with every day, seem to overwhelm many. It is what Milton speaks of; the minds ability to construct its own environment, to make a hell of heaven that the Inquisitor claims has wrecked humanity. Many people make choices throughout their lives that lead to the creation of helli sh circumstances. Perhaps it is not free will itself but the massive responsibility that accompanies it that overpowers mankind.As the Inquisitor continues, he states that men long for unity. This point becomes a principal element in the Inquisitors contention that religion is the one thing that can save man from an existence plagued by turmoil and suffering.Had you accepted that third counsel of the mighty spirit, you would have furnished all that man seeks on earth, that is: someone to bow down to, someone to take over his conscience, and a means for uniting everyone at last into a common, concordant, and incontestable anthill-for the need for universal union is the third and last torment of men. Mankind in its entirety has always yearned to arrange things so that they must be universal. (Pg. 425)The Inquisitor goes on to say that the religious institution will deliver mankind from the burden of free will. He asserts that humanity will submit to the church and only then will they be relived of the crushing responsibility they were incapable of shouldering.But the flock will gather again, and again submit, and this time once and for all. Then we shall give them quiet, humble happiness, the happiness of feeble creatures, such as they were created. (Pg. 427)The Inquisitor also believes he is rectifying Gods error and acting in the best interest of the people. At one point, he states his mission and reprimands God for interfering.But I awoke and did not want to serve madness. I returned and joined the host of those who have corrected your deed. I left the proud and returned to the humble, for the happiness for the humble. What I am telling you will come true, and our kingdom will be established. Tomorrow, I repeat, you will see this obedient flock, which at my first gesture will rush to heap hot coals around your stake, at which I shall burn you for having come to interfere with us. For if anyone has ever deserved our stake, it is you, (Pg. 428)The Inquisitors p osistion is distasteful but again impossible to disregard. Since its conception, humanity has existed in a state of chaos and, even today, is plagued by violence, war, and incomprehensible cruelty. How can one refute the Inquisitors wish to persuade man to relinquish their free will and fall into a peaceful, united existence? Dostoyevsky doesnt pretend that this is a pleasant notion. Instead, he presents it as a necessary evil, unpleasant but essential for the stabilization of the human race.Fyodor Dostoyevsky was a devout follower of the Russian Orthodox faith and well acquainted with the brutality that afflicts earthly existence. He was a compulsive gambler and often had financial troubles. The writer also suffered from epilepsy. Perhaps, The Grand Inquisitor is a reflection of both Dostoyevskys faith and the desire for something to deliver him from his woes. The concepts of free will being questionable and mans desire for unity and security have retained their relevancy and are p articularly germane in the present day. We are living under the looming threat of war, terrorism, and escalating occurrences of crime and violence. If there has ever been a time where it seemed reasonable to wonder if free will was a mistake of extraordinary proportions, it is now. The Inquisitors case remains difficult to argue, as the supporting evidence continues to mount. It can only be said that life without freedom of the will would not be life at all. The removal of free will would equal the removal of our humanity because what defines us as humans is the ability to reason, to think, to choose. Even if one arrives to this conclusion after reading the Grand Inquisitor, Dostoyevsky has still challenged us to consider the very foundation of humanity and to question the framework of our own existence. The ability to persuade a reader to reconsider a liberty as immense as freedom of the will is a profound achievement, which is why The Grand Inquisitor is a one of Dostoyevskys grea test works.